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61	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-101
Challenges of Using Natural Extracts as Graphene Oxide Reducing Agents (Brief Review) Lia Destiarti (a), Riyanto (b), Roto (c), Mudasir (c*) a) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Tanjungpura Jalan Profesor Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, 78124, Indonesia b) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Islam Indonesia Jalan Kaliurang Km 14,5, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia c) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jalan Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia *mudasir[at]ugm.ac.id Abstract Reduced graphene oxide attracts much attention because of its high thermal conductivity, electrical properties, Young^s modulus, high mechanical strength and optical transmittance, and theoretical areas. This material is widely used for various applications. The graphene oxide (GO) reduction process produces rGO. The most commonly used reducing agent is very toxic hydrazine. Multiple searches for more environmentally friendly reducing agents have been investigated to replace hydrazine. This brief review discusses the use of natural extracts as reducing agents. This section discusses several techniques for synthesizing GO into rGO in laboratory experiments. In addition, the chemical components and mechanism of the reduction process are also reviewed and compared with other reducers. In this section, some of the mechanisms offered by researchers are discussed concerning the chemical content of plant extracts. This review explains several fundamental characterization techniques such as UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and Raman. These main characterizations will be used to indicate the success of the reduction process so that initial screening can be carried out before a complete characterization is conducted. The developing natural reducing agents face some challenges, including the compounds^ complexity and the synthesis method^s reproducibility. This review summarizes the strategy for applying eco-friendly agents to reduce GO to rGO that can help the young researcher to find novel extract and use it effectively in the synthesis process. It can be concluded that the chemical compound with phenolic or amine in the extract is the suitable candidate to propose. The most important thing to emphasize is that the synthesis procedure involving the heating process is the most common for reducing GO to rGO. The combination of XRD and Raman is the tool that can be used as the primary characterization to make sure that rGO was obtained in the final product. Keywords: Hydrazine, Plant extract, Raman, Reduced graphene oxide, XRD Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lia Destiarti)

62	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-120
The effect of ammonium chloride on the performance of poly (ether sulfone)/chitosan composite-based ultrafiltration membrane Putri Citra Amanda(a), Mita Nurhayati(a,b), Hendrawan Hendrawan(a), Fitri Khoerunnisa(a,*) (a) Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia (b)Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, South Korea Abstract Membrane filtration has been known as an effective, ease of operation, low energy, and low cost-based water treatment technology. This study aims to investigate the effect of ammonium chloride on the performance of poly (ether sulfone)/chitosan composite-based ultrafiltration membrane. The PES membrane was synthesized via solution casting and inversed phase method. The chitosan and ammonium chloride solutions were then coated on the PES membrane. In particular, the ammonium chloride concentration was varied from 100 to 400 ppm. The synthesized composite membranes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, water contact angle, and porosity tests. The performance of composite membranes was examined by water permeability, rejection and fouling resistance tests using the dead-end filtration system at different operation pressure. The results showed that chitosan/ammonium chloride coating remarkably modified the morphological and pore structure of PES membrane as indicated by the cross-sectional SEM images. The FTIR spectra demonstrated that the interaction of PES with chitosan/ammonium chloride was predominantly occurred via hydrogen bonding between -OH and -NH moieties. The addition of ammonium chloride concentration enhanced the peak intensity as well as induced the peak shifts of X-ray diffractogram at \(2 \theta \) of \(18.08^o \), \(25.9 ^o \), and \(31.17^o \) that correspond to the improved crystallinity of composite membranes. This also improved its hydrophilicity behavior (the water contact angle reduced from \(82.3^o \) to \(64.4^o \) ) and mechanical strength (0.57 to 8.70 MPa). The addition of ammonium chloride was notably improved the performance of PES/chitosan composite membranes on ultrafiltration indicated by the enhancement of water permeability from 8.56 to 26.53 \(L/m^2 h bar\)- membrane selectivity toward bovine serum albumin, methyl orange, and methylene blue solutions was also increased with the rejection percentage from Keywords: composite membrane, ammonium chloride, poly (ether sulfone)/chitosan, performances Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitri Khoerunnisa)

63	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-125
THE EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND WASHING METHODS ON THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PORPHYRINE MODIFIED ZEOLITITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORK-8 (ZIF-8) Andika Purnama Shidiq^(a), Galuh Yuliani^(a), and Agus Setiabudi^(a) * (a) Chemistry Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No.229, Isola, Kec. Sukasari, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40154 Abstract Modification of some Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) has been reported to change the composition and structure of the framework. The modifications might include a change in chemical compositions, pore sizes, nanoscale arrangements, as well as crystallite defects. In this study, the effect of organic linker compositions and the washing methods on the physicochemical properties of porphyrin(TCCP)-modified ZIF8 is investigated. ZIF-8 was synthesized with a molar ratio of Zn to imidazolate, as the organic linker, of 1:8. Whereas, TCCP modified ZIF-8 was prepared in Zn to Imidazolate to TCCP molar ratios of 1:7.9:0.1- 1:7.5:0.5- and 1:7:1, respectively. The just prepared TCCP modified ZIF-8 were washed by using ethanol washing followed by ordinary oven drying and methanol washing followed by vacuum drying. The physicochemical properties of the material were carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorptions, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA). The XRD results showed that the TCCP modified ZIF-8 obtained by ethanol washing followed by ordinary oven drying has a crystalline structure and became amorphous as the ratio reaches 1:7.5:0.5. These data indicate a structural change in the original skeletal structure of the original ZIF-8. Meanwhile, the surface area measurement using BET showed that the TCPP-modified ZIF-8 of (1:7.9:0.1) has a much larger surface area than that of the original ZIF-8, which is 189.878 m^2/gram compared to 41.372 m^2/gram, respectively. The XRD, BET, FTIR, and TG/DTA characterization results of TCCP-modified ZIF-8 using both washing methods are in progress. In addition, the adsorption properties of TCCP-modified ZIF-8 for dye adsorption will be investigated. Keywords: ZIF-8, Porphyrin-modified ZIF-8, Washing Method, Metal Organic Framework. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andika Purnama Shidiq)

64	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-126
BIO-HAND SANITIZER BASED ON LIME AND LEAVES BETEL Kumara Dimas Setiawan1, Angelica Maratu1, Pusfianty1, Tasya Amanda1, Roehanul Janah1, Revita Sari1, Dr. Nila Tanyela B1 Universitas Pertamina Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the awareness community on health. The number of antiseptic products on the market provides a choice for people to choose alcoholic or non-alcoholic hand sanitizers. Most of the commercialized hand sanitizers are alcohol-based 70% to 90%. For some people, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers is not friendly for sensitive skin. Extraction of lime peel by softening method, betel leaf extract by reflux, mixing of ingredients with organic hand sanitizer, antibacterial activity test, sensory test. Quercetin is a flavonoid of the flavanols type which has antimicrobial, antiviral, and other properties found in betel leaf and orange peel. Quercetin at high concentrations is active against various microorganisms (one of which is Escherichia coli) and viruses. Based on (Fajarwati,2013), the extraction process of lime and betel leaf using ethanol as a solvent increases the yield of quercetin compounds. one of these solutions is to make a bio-hand-sanitizer based on betel leaf and lime peel. Betel leaf contains chemicals that are useful for antiseptic, antibacterial, and antioxidant substances. Lime peel contains flavonoid compounds that are useful for antioxidants, antiseptics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The result of the study lime peel extraction using a dark brown rotary evaporator with the smell of lime peel and betel leaf using reflux distillation for 5 hours is blackish brown. The result of the inhibition test using the Disk Diffusion Test method showed the effectiveness of the hand sanitizer (sample) was slightly ambiguous. Result from organoleptic testing that bio-hand sanitizer products based on lime peel and betel leaf are quite attractive to respondents. Keywords: covid-19, antibacterial, Hand-sanitizer, lime peel, quercetin Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nila Tanyela Berghuis)

65	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-133
AROMATIC VINEGAR DISINFECTANT USING LEMON SKIN WASTE AS ESSENTIAL OIL Delta Rosalina 1, Merci Fourte Yusuf 1, Deva Yanti Panjaitan 1, Indah Khairunnisa. 1, Amalia Herda P 1, M. Ilham Maulana K. 1, Azzahrawaani Ajeng N 1, Shinta Zahra W.P 1, Dr. Nila Tanyela B1. Universitas Pertamina Abstract In Indonesia, the amount of lemon/orange peel waste reaches 70% (management of the remaining peel, seeds, and orange juice) and is a waste burden. So far, we often throw away the lemon/orange peel after we consume the fruit. Lemon peel is effective for preventing cholesterol levels in the body, in the field of beauty Lemon skin can brighten the skin and according to studies, the content in Lemon peel contains d-limonene which can prevent cancer, Lemon / Orange peel is also very valuable in the perfume industry. In this topic, Lemon peel is used in the manufacture of an aromatic vinegar disinfectant based on aromatic vinegar, alcohol, and essential oil derived from Lemon peel. Testing the antibacterial activity of the Aromatic Vinegar Disinfectant, performed an anti-bacterial test with the test bacteria E.coli. The results of this test indicated the presence of clear zones with diameters of 19 mm, 23 mm, and 25 mm. Keywords: lemon peel waste, aromatic vinegar disinfectant, E. coli antibacterial test. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nila Tanyela Berghuis)

66	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-139
M^MASK: ANTI-BACTERIAL MORINGA MASK FROM COCONUT FIBERS AND KAPOK Rizqi Alifia Nur Asy-Syifa, Maya Irmawati Foang, Mustika Ikfa Darmayanti, Galaxi Bintang Mahardika, Ananda Azhari Aprianty Pabo, Ajeng Tyas Cahyani, Dr. Nila Tanyela B Universitas Pertamina Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has become a significant threat to Indonesia and had a severe impact on various aspects of Indonesia, such as the environment. Therefore, most countries globally including Indonesia made new regulations to wear a mask on every daily activity to protect humans from virus transmission is being developed rapidly. Mask is also known for their non-degradable to nature, because of the petrochemical-based materials which were used to produce masks. According to the Head of Hygiene Management of Jakarta Environmental Agency, the number of infectious wastes from households in Jakarta between April to October 2020, right after the rising of covid-19 cases amounts to 857,71 kilograms and most of which are facemasks waste. Moreover, it will undoubtedly cause environmental issues. One alternative solution to current ecological problems is the antibacterial M^ mask (using natural plant fiber and moringa leaves from different types of organic waste (kapok trees and coconut fibers). Biodegradable mask is manufactured face mask. And to produce The M^mask this research will use the extraction of natural fiber method to get the natural paper and sterilization process, and FT-IR analysis will be the complement part of this research. Keywords: covid-19, antibacterial, biodegradable mask, kapok trees, coconut fibers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizqi Alifia Nur Asy-Syifa)

67	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-146
Synthesis of Cu-BTC-modified polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers electrospun nanofibers for CO2 capture Rana Ida Sugatri (a*), Muhamad Nasir (b), Aep Patah (a), Cynthia Linaya Radiman (a) a) Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia *20520048[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id b) National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jl. Sangkuriang No. 10 Bandung 40135, Jawa Barat, Indonesia Abstract Copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) is well known metal-organic framework (MOF) as CO2 capture material due to the open metal site which is attractive for gas binding. However, high sensitivity to water and moisture leads to a reduced capacity of CO2 adsorption. Therefore, incorporating Cu-BTC in hydrophobic fiber systems can improve their stability and CO2 adsorption capacity by providing pores of fibers that can be filled by gas. In this study, Cu-BTC was synthesized using microwave reflux and successfully dispersed in polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers (PVDF copolymers) solution and then spun using electrospinning. The composition of Cu-BTC (0.1, 1.0, and 5.0% (w/v)) in nanofiber composites influenced the morphology, hydrophobicity, porosity, mechanical properties, and CO2 adsorption ability. At higher concentration of Cu-BTC in the fibers system gave more beads on nanofiber. The beaded nanofiber gave impacts on decreasing of mechanical properties but increasing in CO2 gas adsorption. Keywords: Cu-BTC, PVDF copolymers, nanofiber, electrospinning, CO2 adsorption Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rana Ida Sugatri)

68	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-151
Biodegradation of Wastewater from Indonesian Oil Field using Formulated Bacterial Consortium Dwi Febriantini, Siska Pebriani, Agnesya Putri Gustianthy, Usman, Bambang Purnomo, Aji Satria Nugraha Research & Technology Innovation, PT Pertamina (Persero) Abstract Microbiological degradation of toxic materials found in wastewater of oil & gas industry is an remarkable breaktrhough considering the recovery of energy and resources. Effective biodegradation systems of toxic materials such as phenol and ammonia involves the ideal combination of microbial cultures against toxicity of the chemical compounds and technological solutions improve the solid and efficient performance. In this work, the combination of bacterial consortiums that can reduce the concentration of toxic and organic materials in wastewater is analyzed to define operative control strategies to raise the stability of the process. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of PT Pertamina (Persero)^s formulated bacterial consortiums in degradation of organic compounds contained in waste water from Indonesian oil field under aerobic conditions using colorimetric, spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods. The degradation process of wastewater by formulated bacterial consortiums was increased compared with that of the single ones. The results showed that biodegradation is cost-effective, environmentally friendly treatment for wastewater of oil & gas industry. Keywords: Bacterial consortiums, biodegradation, oil field, wastewater Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Febriantini)

69	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-152
Evaluation of FAMEs on the Properties and Corrosive Character of Biodiesel Exposed to Carbon Steels Dwi Febriantini, Usman, Siska Pebriani, Aji Satria Nugraha, Agnesya Putri Gustianthy, Bambang Purnomo, Anggi Taufik H. Sitompul 1) Research & Technology Innovation, PT Pertamina (Persero) 2) Subholding Commercial & Trading, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Abstract Biodiesel or biosolar in Indonesia contained of fatty acid methyl alkyl esters and can be obtained from several feedstocks, such as vegetable oils, used cooking oils, and animal fats. Biodiesel is regarded to be a promising alternative fuel sources due to its marginal substitution of diesel may prolong reduction of petroleum resources. Energy security and environmental are two factors for additional attention and intense research on development of biodiesel which can affect the agro-industry. The main disadvantage of biodiesel is its tendency to undergo oxidation due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acid in the ester aerobic contact during storage. The present study is conducted to investigate the influence of FAMEs on the stability properties biodiesel and corrosion behaviour that occurs in carbon steel after contact with biodiesel for a period of 90 days. There were 23 parameters carried out to determine the effect of the type FAME on biodiesel properties and stability. The topographic profiles on the surface of the carbon steel wetted by biodiesel were evaluated by using the SEM-EDS technique. The results revealed significant influence of FAMEs addition on carbon steel surface during 90 days of contact, yet the type of the FAMEs has little influence on the corrosion profile. The alteration in the chemical and physical features of biodiesel can affect the integrity and stability of the material. Keywords: Biodiesel, biosolar, corrosion profile, FAME, stability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Febriantini)

70	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-159
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO_2/Zeolite Nanocomposite by Utilizing Coal Fly Ash for Zeolite Synthesis Using an Alkaline Fusion-Hydrothermal Method Linda J Kusumawardani (a*), Ennita Lusiana Sinaga (a), Ani Iryani (a) a) Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pakuan, PO BOX 452, Bogor, 16143, Indonesia. *linda.wardani[at]unpak.ac.id Abstract Fly ash is one of the wastes from coal production. More than half of the fly ash produced is disposed of as waste in landfills. The high levels of metal oxides, such as SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 make fly ash potentially develop into an adsorbent material, namely zeolite. Zeolite was prepared from fly ash by using the alkaline fusion and hydrothermal method. This combined method was chosen to increase the surface area, mechanical properties, and reactivity of zeolite. These properties could be utilized for emerging pollutants in aqueous media by coupling it with a photocatalyst due to the adsorption capacity of photocatalyst materials being generally lower than that of adsorbent materials. This study combined zeolite from fly ash as an adsorbent and TiO_2 as a photocatalyst to manufacture TiO_2/zeolite nanocomposite. This nanocomposite was investigated in its structural and optical properties. TiO_2/zeolite nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method with various aging times of 14, 16, and 20 hours and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV DRS, and BET. The results show The results show that the products contain zeolite X as the major phase which the crystallinity reach 96% and specific surface area of zeolite A is 164.78 m^2/g. Meanwhile, the type of zeolite combination of TiO_2 with zeolite was increasing the light absorption in the visible region. DRS showed 14 hours aging time of TiO_2/zeolite nanocomposite has the lowest decreasing band gap energy, from 3,2 to 2,50 eV. The surface area of TiO_2/zeolite nanocomposites from 14 hours of aging time also showed the largest surface area of 189.483 m^2/g calculated from the BET adsorption plot. XRD characterization found the TiO_2/Zeolite nanocomposite has an anatase crystal with a crystal size of 9-69 nm with crystallinity 99%. Meanwhile, photocatalytic activity is evaluated through methylene blue (MB). Keywords: TiO2, Zeolite, Fly Ash, Nanocomposite, Sol Gel, Hydrothermal, Alkaline Fusion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Linda Jati Kusumawardani)

71	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-165
Palm Oil Mill Liquid Waste Treatment by Phytoremediation Method using Hyacinth Plant (Eichhornia Crassipes) Dewi Yandriani , Hernandi Sujono , Jasmansyah , Indriani Febrishaummy* , Albertus Bulet Tapun , Akhmad Marjan Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi *indrianifeb[at]gmail.com Abstract The palm oil mill^s operational activities produce by products, one of the liquid waste that is odorous, colored, contains high COD, BOD and TSS values that have the potential to pollute the environment. The purpose of this study is to find out Eichhornia Crassipes can increase the pH value, reduce BOD, COD and TSS levels in Palm Oil Mill Liquid Waste so that they meet quality standards. This study consisted of three stages, namely the phytoremediation process using Eichhornia crassipes, then BOD and COD testing was carried out resulting in a decrease in BOD to 30.27 mg / L on day 21 and COD of 172.95 mg / L on day 21, then TSS and pH testing produced TSS of 9.00 mg / L on day 21 and a decrease in pH up to 7.82. Keywords: Palm Oil, Eichhornia Crassipes, BOD, COD, pH, TSS. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indriani Febrishaummy)

72	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-166
BIOPLASTIC FROM WASTE OF CASSAVA SKIN AND EGG SHELL Meri Arizki 1, Diah Kemala M 1, Meliana Nur Savitri 1, Dyas Dwi Yunita S. 1, Fahdly Awaluddin 1, Rehan Rizkyta P. 1, Athirah Nursalsabila 1, Ris Kevin Bramasta 1, Dr. Nila Tanyela B1. a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Science and Computer, Universitas Pertamina Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan, 12220, Indonesia * nila.tanyela[at]universitaspertamina.ac.id Abstract The accumulation of plastic waste and excessive use of plastic is a common environmental issue in Indonesia. Plastics are synthetic polymers that are stable, water-resistant, light, flexible, and strong, but are very difficult to be broken down by microorganisms. Decomposition of plastic waste by burning can cause other environmental issues and during the combustion process can produce dioxin compounds that are harmful to health. An available and affordable alternative to reduce the use of plastic is by using bioplastics. Bioplastics are plastics made from natural materials that can be broken down by microorganisms, so they are more environmentally friendly than commercial plastics. Generally, the main ingredients of making bioplastics are starch or chitosan. The source of starch used in this project comes from cassava peel waste. In this project, researchers also utilize waste from chicken egg-shells. The function of adding eggshell waste is to give biodegradable plastic hard characteristics. The ratio between cassava peel and egg shell used was 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. With a 1:1 ratio is the most optimal. the addition of egg shells with the right ratio (1:1) made the ability of biodegradation of bioplastics to increase. The results of the Tensile Strength Test of Bioplastic Samples with a ratio of 1:0, 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 are 9.2 x10-3 kgf/cm2, 4.4 x10-3 kgf/cm2, 2 x10-3 kgf/cm2 and 2 x10 -3 kgf/cm2. Keywords: biodegradable plastic, cassava peel and egg shell. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ana Lailatul Farida)

73	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-168
PHOSPHATE ION ADSORPTION USING ZEOLITE FLY ASH PREPARED BY A SIMPLE REFLUX TECHNIQUE Galuh Yuliani*), Asep Ahid, Maryono and Agus Setiabudi Chemistry Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract Fly ash is solid waste produced on coal combustion processes that owing to its high silica and alumina contents has been a promising source for zeolite precursor. Due to increasing problems related to fly ash accumulation in coal power stations, its utilization is becoming a great interest for many researchers. Hence, this research aims to explore a simple reflux method for zeolite synthesis from this waste materials and utilize the resulting product to adsorb phosphate ion from aqueous solution. The zeolite is prepared by a 1 h reflux method at 150oC to a mixture of fly ash and alkaline solution of NaOH, followed with gentle heating at 90oC for 24 h using an oven. The zeolite product was then analyzed using FTIR, XRD, XRF, BET, and SEM. The FTIR spectra show characteristics vibrations of Si-O-Si or Al-O-Al stretching in tetrahedral [SiO4]4- or [AlO4]5- at 985 cm-1, Al-O-Si stretching at 663 cm-1, Al-O or Si-O bending at 455 cm-1. The BET analysis shows that the surface area increased sharply from 6.9 m2/g for fly ash to 34.1 m2/g for zeolite. The XRD analysis indicated the formation of sodium aluminum silicate hydrate as sodalite zeolite (JCPDS Card No. 31-1271). The zeolite utilization as adsorbent for phosphate ions in aqueous solution was quantified using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer adopting Fardiaz method. It was found that the adsorption capacity for phosphate absorption was 11.8 mg/g within the optimum contact time of 25 mins. The adsorption data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Based on the obtained correlation factors (R2), the absorption data follows Freundlich model, signifying a possible of multilayer adsorption due to physical interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. Keywords: adsorption- phosphate ions- fly ash- zeolite synthesis- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Galuh Yuliani)

74	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-169
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VITAMIN C SERUM Ainun eva mawarni 1, Christina aprilia 1, Putri rafika sonia 1, Dwiana sasi utami. 1, Nurul fitri novianti 1, Irbah krisfidyani. 1, Fairouz ananda nissa 1, Ajeng septiani dewi 1, Dr. Nila Tanyela B1. a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty Of Science and Computer, Universitas Pertamina Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan, 12220, Indonesia * nila.tanyela[at]universitaspertamina.ac.id Abstract The depletion of the ozone layer is related to the increase in the intensity of UV rays entering the earth. The benefit of UV rays is that it helps the formation of vitamin D in the body. However, excessive UV rays can cause health problems, especially for the skin. These dangers include darkening of the skin color, premature aging, and even the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, various cosmetic products began to be developed to avoid problems caused by exposure to UV rays. Efforts that can be made to protect the skin from the dangers of UV rays are to avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen or antioxidant-rich serum on the skin. Serum in the world of dermatology is a term used to describe liquids with high concentrations and generally contain specific active ingredients, such as antioxidants. Antioxidants can work to slow down oxidation reactions in the body. Antioxidants are needed by the body, so it is necessary to find antioxidant compounds that are easily obtained in nature. Vitamin C (Vit. C) is one of the most common sources of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables. Vitamin C has two isomeric forms, namely the reduced form (L-ascorbic acid/LAA) and the oxidized form (d-ascorbic acid/DAA). However, only LAA is biologically active so it is often used in the medical field. The human body cannot synthesize vitamin C, so to obtain vitamin. C needs vitamin C nutrition from outside the body. Based on this description, we will conduct research on the synthesis of vitamin C serum and its effect on the skin. The density test for vitamin C serum samples was carried out using a pycnometer with a value of 0.997 g/cm3-1.0093 g/cm3. Testing the Acidity Level of Vitamin C Serum Samples according to the ASTM E70 standard method. Data for serum vitamin C pH ranged from 2.64 to 3.00. Keywords: ultraviolet light, serum vitamin C, density levels, serum vitamin C pH. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ana Lailatul Farida)

75	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-172
MODIFICATION OF INDONESIAN PEAT SOIL USING HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND MODELLING OF ITS ADSORPTION TOWARDS POTASSIUM ION (K+) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Galuh Yuliani(1*),Suci Karina(1), Mita Nurhayati(1), Siska Mutiara(1), Mamun Mollah(2) and Shangeetha Ganesan(3) 1. Chemistry Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia 2. School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia 3. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia Abstract Peat soil is formed from plant vegetation that was buried for centuries. Peat contains many functional groups -COOH and -OH and this lead to its potential application as an adsorbent for metal ions and organic compounds. However, the adsorption capacity of natural peat was reported to be lower than other adsorbents. Therefore, this study aims to modify the peat surface using H2O2 and to apply the modified peat as an adsorbent for K+ ion in aqueous solution. The residual concentration of K+ ion was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Peat modification was carried out using hydrogen peroxide 10% solution for 30 mins. The FTIR spectra indicated an increase in the intensity of of hydroxyl groups (-OH) at 3400 cm-1 and carboxylic groups (-COOH) at 1700-1720 cm-1. The SEM photos indicated increase in porosity of the modified peat. From the BET analysis, it was found that the surface area of peat increased from 56.221 m2/g to 81.346 m2/g upon modification. From the adsorption test, the adsorption capacities of modified peat and raw peat were 37.40 mg/g and 59.53 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption data were fitted using adsorption isotherm models and it was found that the data plots follow the Freundlich isotherm model. To confirm the adsorption data analysis, a computational study was conducted using Density Functional Theory (DFT). From DFT calculation, the interaction energy of peat and K+ ion was lower after peat modification, indicating that K+ ion strongly adsorbed into modified peat. Keywords: Peat- modification- H2O2- adsorption- K+ ion- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Galuh Yuliani)

76	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-176
STUDY OF GROWTH POSITION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ANTIOXIDANTS OF KRATOMS (Mytragina spp.) IN SIBAU HULU KALIMANTAN BARAT Cico J.K. Simamora, Kiki P. Utomo, Jumiati, Muhammad Pramulya and Nelly Wahyuni Universitas Tanjungpura Abstract Kratom is a source of bioactive compound that are widely planting in West Kalimantan. Morphologically, there are two types of kratom red and green, which are classified as 1 species. The purpose of this study was to identify species and the effect of land distance on the phytochemical of kratom leaves which were thought to be influenced by the composition of nutrients, growth inhibitor, and associative microorganisms. This research was conducted by analyzing the nutrients at 160, 240, and 423m from Kapuas. Phytochemical analysis using colorimetric and gravimetric methods, and antioxidants with DPPH assay. Microorganism calculations were tested using the TPC method, while molecular identification was carried out using MatK and RbCl marker. Phytochemical tests at 3 land distances from the Kapuas River showed different results. The highest phenol content was found in green kratom at 160m (0.66mgGAE/g). Meanwhile, the highest flavonoid was found in red kratom at 244m (13.96mg/QE/g). The highest alkaloid content was found in 244m green kratom (21.30%/g). Red kratom at 160m distance had the highest antioxidant activity (70.69%). The study found that the red and green kratom variants were genetically different based on the MatK and RbCl gene markers. The results of associative microorganism observations showed a significant difference where the highest biofertilizer was red kratom at 244m from the river, including Phosphate Solubilizing (2.19x105CFU/g), Potassium Solubilizing (1.6x105), Nitrogen fixaxion (1.1x105CFU/g), and phenol degradable (6.5x104CFU/g). Based on this research, it is known that kratom, which has been considered a variant, is genetically different and not a single species. In addition, it is also known that overall green kratom has the highest phytochemical content compared to red kratom, with the best planting location not on the banks of the Kapuas River, which is at a land distance of 244m. Keywords: bioactive, enzyme, psycotrophic, secondary, metabolite, riparian Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Pramulya)

77	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-181
Modification of Carbon Paste Electrode with Reduced Graphen Oxide for Voltammetric Analysis of Ibuprofen Levels Muhammad Yudhistira Azis, Syahidah Muthmainnah, Henry Setiyanto Analytical Chemistry Research Group 3rd Floor Department of Chemistry Jl. Ganesha No 10 Bandung 40133 Abstract Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve symptoms of arthritis, fever, and as a pain reliever. The use of ibuprofen in excess of the dose (3200 mg per day) can cause digestive system disorders and the central nervous system. Therefore, its use should be limited and it is necessary to develop accurate analytical methods to identify ibuprofen in drug samples. One of the development methods of detection analysis which is cheap, fast response time, and simple procedure is voltammetry method. The development of a modified carbon-based working electrode with rGO is an alternative in the identification of drug compounds for voltammetric techniques. rGO is an electrically conductive material and its molecules can increase the sensitivity of the electrode in analyzing analytes with the same polarity. In this study, a method was developed for the analysis of ibuprofen by voltammetry using reduced graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrodes (EPK-rGO). Modifications were carried out by electrodeposition using graphene oxide 5% (w/v) in 0.1 \( Na_2 SO_4 \) M solution. Ibuprofen was measured using the square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique in acetate buffer solution pH 5. EPK-rGO has a linear region of 10 \( \mu M \) - 100 \( \mu M \) and 100 \( \mu M \) - 1000 \( \mu M \) with a detection limit of 2.6 \( \mu M \). Measurement of ibuprofen 20 times with EPK-rGO gave an RSD value of 2.82%. Scan rate analysis shows the electron transfer process is controlled by diffusion. Testing of interfering compounds with naproxen showed a ratio of naproxen: ibuprofen concentration of 2:10 is the maximum limit of the measurement of ibuprofen that can still be detected. Measurement of ibuprofen samples using EPK-rGO resulted in a percent recovery of 107.46%. Keywords: Carbon paste electrode, reduced graphene oxide, ibuprofen, voltammetry Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Yudhistira Azis)

78	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-192
Textile Wastewater Treatment using Polypyrrole Membranes with the basic component of Crude Polyphenol Oxidase Extract from White Oyster Mushroom Anceu Murniati1*, Buchari2, Suryo Gandasasmita2, Zeily Nurachman3, Arie Hardian1, Hernandi Sujono1, N A Fajriana1, G A Nugraha1 and Restu Muchammad Ibrahim1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jl. Terusan Jenderal sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia 2Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract In this research, polypyrrole (PPy) membranes have been synthesized with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as the base materials isolated from white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), which plays an active role in the processing of textile wastewater. The amount of PPO immobilized in PPy was 28.49%, and PPO activity in white oyster mushrooms (4160 U- phenol 0.35 mM). PPy membranes were synthesized by electropolymerization of Pyrrole (Py) with the electrodeposition method (the composition of 0.05 M Py and crude PPO white oyster mushroom extract of 35% (v/v) in citrate buffer pH = 7). The electrolysis was carried out with a potential = 6 V- current = 1.063-1.142 A- the amount of immobilized PPO in the PPy matrix = 16.57 - 48.97 %, and the PPO activity of 1,640 - 4,160 U- 0.35 mM phenol as a substrate. Membrane application to textile wastewater with discontinuous flow rate obtained (decrease in pH = 14.86%- phenol = 6.80%- COD = 10.80%- BOD and TSS = 2:00% = 20.65%) and the use of membranes with a continuous flow rate (decrease in pH = 23.97%- phenol = 26.09%- COD = 11.54%- BOD = 2.46%- and TSS = 65.65%). The physical performance of membrane application to textile wastewater was studied with discontinuous flow rates obtained (flow rate = 48.19 - 51.50 L/h, flux = 3191.6 - 3387.5 L.m-2.h-1 and permeability = 319.2 - 338.7) and a continuous flow rate was obtained (flow rate = 48.19 L/h, flux = 3191.6 Lm-2.h-1 and permeability = 319.2 Lm-2.h-1.bar). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image shows the morphology of the membrane film of PPy/PPO white oyster mushroom extract that has been studied in the use of membranes before and after application of textile wastewater. Keywords: white oyster mushroom, membrane, PPy/PPO, textile wastewater Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anceu Murniati)

79	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-193
Immobilization of crude polyphenol oxidase purple eggplant extract on chitosan membrane for removal of phenol waste water. Anceu Murniati1*, Buchari Buchari2, Suryo Gandasasmita2, Zeily Nurachman3, Shanti Shardi1, Irsyaad Fauzi R1, Arie Hardian1, Jasmansyah1, Hernandi Sujono1, Restu Muchammad Ibrahim1, Maulida Rahayu1 1Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia 2Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract This research studied the synthesis of chitosan (CS) membrane with the basic component of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from purple eggplant extract added with \(Cu^{2+}\) ions. The activity of the immobilized PPO in the CS-membrane was determined by the UV-visible spectrophotometer methods. The results showed that the membrane characteristics of CS-crude PPO-\(Cu^{2+}\) purple eggplant extract: diameter = 9 cm, thickness = 0.021 cm- immobilized PPO activity= 2894.99 U. The performance of the membrane is designed as a filtration with a dead-end system, with three (3) times the filtration process, and ten (10) times the use of a batch system membrane. The application of the CS-crude PPO-\(Cu^{2+}\) membrane was carried out on samples of artificial waste and textile waste solutions. The results achieved from the samples of artificial waste and textile waste, respectively, include the rejection = 68.77% and 63.69%- the conversion of phenol into catechol = 16.92% and 17.19% - the conversion of phenol to quinone = 42.96% and 42.64%- flow rate = \( \pm \)11 L/h and \( \pm \) 5 L/h- membrane flux= 10007.99 \( L/m^2.h \) at a pressure of 1 bar- permeability= 300-1000 \( L/m^2.h.bar \). The membrane life time is stable up to 8 times of use from 10 times of use. Keywords: chitosan (CS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), CS-PPO- Cu2+ membrane, purple eggplant extract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anceu Murniati)

80	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-197
PRESERVATION METHOD OF WASTEWATER SAMPLES AND STORAGE TIME FOR ANALYSIS OF NITRITE AND NITRATE LEVELS Sutanto1), Mayra Subhiani Suryaningrat2), Fitri Hanifah3), Yulian Syahputri4) 1) dan 4). FMIPA Universitas Pakuan, Jalan Pakuan, Ciheuleut, Kota Bogor 2). PT ALS , Sentul Kabupaten Bogor 3). Seameo Biotrop, Jl Raya Wangun, Kota Bogor Abstract Wastewater samples for analysis of nitrite and nitrate levels, are unstable due to the nitrification process, samples must be analyzed immediately, the APHA recommendation storage time is only 48 hours at &#61603-6oC. The location of the sample with the remote laboratory and the large number of samples that must be handled by the testing laboratory often require sample storage times beyond the APHA recommendations. This study examines various storage methods to obtain storage methods that produce shelf-life exceeding APHA recommendations. The research was carried out in two stages, the first stage was to prove the recommended storage method of APHA, namely without preservatives and preservatives H2SO4 and HCl (up to pH <2), each stored at 3 temperatures of 4, 25 and 32 oC, observed levels of nitrite, ammonia and nitrate for 10 days. The second stage was preservation of samples with various concentrations of amoxicillin preservative, stored at 4oC and 25oC in two different types of containers. The results of the first stage showed that the best storage was without preservatives, at 4 oC, stable nitrite levels (90-110% recovery) for a maximum of 3 days, and nitrate stable for 5 days. The results of the second stage of the experiment showed that the best storage was at 4oC, with 0.3 ppm amoxicillin as preservative, the first-order nitrite degradation constant was 0.0008 (mg/L)/hour and stable nitrite levels up to 130 hours or 5 days, nitrate levels stable for up to 10 days. Keywords: wastewater, preservation, nitrite, nitrate, amoxicillin Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sutanto Sutanto)

81	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-202
MODIFICATION OF FAUJASITE WITH Fe3O4 AS A FENTON AND PHOTO-FENTON CATALYSTS FOR EFFICIENT DEGRADATION OF METHYL ORANGE Melani Puji Puspitasari (a), Witri Wahyu Lestari (a*), Teguh Endah Saraswati (a), Rino Rakhmata Mukti (b), Hamzah Fansuri (c) (a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia, 57126 (b) Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia (c) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Technology Sepuluh Nopember, ITS Campus Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60111 *Corresponding author: witri[at]mipa.uns.ac.id Abstract The employment of synthetic dyes in industrial sector has implications for increasing levels of water pollution. Methyl orange (MO) is one of the most extensively used azo dyes in industry. Unfortunately, these dyes are toxic for aquatic organism and not easily removed from wastewater. Advanced oxidation Processes (AOPs) based on reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals have been widely applied as an effective and economical technology for wastewater treatment. Fenton reaction is chosen to be an effective AOPs systems, which works based on reaction of H_2O_2 and Fe^2^+ to form OH radicals. The presence of light will speed up these process due to higher energy in electron excitation and creating more hydroxyl radicals. This study investigated the effect of Fe_3O_4 addition into Faujasit as supporting material and its performance to degrade MO through fenton and photo-fenton processes. Fe_3O_4/Faujasite composites were prepared by ex-situ method using ultrasonic homogenizer with percentages of Fe_3O_4/Faujasite (%w/w) 3, 10, and 20%. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis show a combination of characteristic peaks of the precursor material. Analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) represent that Fe_3O_4 covered the support material without changing its initial morphology and confirm the presence of Fe in Fe_3O_4/Faujasite composites. The thermal stability of the composites also increases with the addition of Fe_3O_4. VSM analysis revealed a decrease in the magnetization value of Fe_3O_4/Faujasite composites compared to Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles. The degradation tests of MO showed that the 3% Fe_3O_4/Faujasite composite showed optimal performance both in Fenton and photo-Fenton with efficiency up to 36.83%, and 82.77% respectively for 150 minutes. Keywords: Fe3O4, Faujasite, composite, degradation, methyl orange, Fenton, photo-Fenton Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Melani Puji Puspitasari)

82	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-203
Green and Facile Mechano-chemical Synthesis of MIL-100(Cr) and its Adsorption Studies on Methyl Orange (MO) and Methyl Violet (MV) as Anionic and Cationic Dyes Dean Hidayat1, Dendy1, Witri Wahyu Lestari*1, Fitri Khoerunnisa2, Murni Handayani3, Eli Hendrik Sanjaya4, and Triyanda Gunawan5 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia 3. Research Center for Advanced Materials - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Puspiptek Area, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia 4. Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indoensia 5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, East Java, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email (s): witri[at]mipa.uns.ac.id Abstract Materials of Institute Lavoisier based on chromium(III) and benzene,1,3,5-tricarbxylate, {Cr_3X(H_2O)_2O[C_6H_3(CO_2)_3]2nH_2O} (X = OH or F), or well known as (MIL-100(Cr), is a kind of chemically and physically stable MOF with high surface area and pore volume. However, in some cases, MIL-100(Cr) was obtained under hydrothermal or solvothermal conditions in the presence of an acidic modulator which is not environmentally friendly. In this research, a facile and green synthetic approach method via mechano-chemical assisted heated synthesis was applied in the synthesis of MIL-100(Cr). The material was then employed as an efficient adsorbent for methyl orange (MO) and methyl violet (MV) as anionic and cationic dyes. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of MIL-100(Cr). SEM analysis revealed the synthesized MIL-100(Cr) has irregular polyhedron morphology, and it is thermally stable up to 275 (degree) C, according to TGA measurement. Nitrogen sorption measurement showed the material has a high surface area and pore volume up to 1557 m^2/g and 0.76 cm^3/g, respectively. A few parameters affecting adsorption capacity were studied: including optimum pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration. The results showed MIL-100(Cr) has the maximum adsorption capacity to MO and MV up to 430.21 mg/g (at pH 4 for 60 minutes) and 120.48 mg/g (at pH 9 for 150 minutes), respectively. The MO and MV adsorption mechanism was dominated by physisorption via electrostatic interactions due to the porosity characteristics of the material. It might also be followed by phi-phi stacking interactions, Lewis acid-base interactions, and hydrogen bonds. The adsorption kinetics of MO and MV followed pseudo-second-order, and the intraparticle diffusion plot graphs nonlinearity confirmed a contribution from the pore and surface of MIL-100(Cr). The MO and MV adsorption isotherm models matched with the Langmuir isotherm model. Keywords: Adsorption, green, mechano-chemical, methyl orange, methyl violet, MIL-100(Cr) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dendy Dendy)

83	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-207
The Adsorption Characteristics Of Metals in Tin Acid Mine Water on Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) Syukur*, Agus Prasetya, and Ahmad T. Yuliansyah Department of Chemical Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia *syukur2020[at]mail.ugm.ac.id Abstract The abandoned tin mines produce acid mine water in their water basin. If not treated well, they can damage the environmental ecosystem by entering rivers or other water bodies. This acid mine water is attempted to remediate using adsorbents in the form of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) which is commonly used for hydroponics and constructions. The use of LECA is based on its base material, natural clay, that is commonly used as an adsorbent. This LECA is made from natural clay that been heated at high temperatures. The aim of this research is to determine how significant LECA is to adsorp metals which are present in tin acid mine waters. This research used two materials- LECA and simulated tin acid mine water which are contacted for 2 days in shaker bath. Fe and Cu adsorbed on LECA can be approximated by the Combined Langmuir Freundlich model which the maximum adsorption are 0.406 and 0.020 mg/g of adsorbent, respectively. In contrast to the previous two metals, Sn metal is more likely to experience precipitation instead of adsorption due to pH increasing. The conclusion of this study, metals in tin acid mine water can be remedied well by using LECA. Keywords: adsorption, LECA, acid mine water, abandoned tin mines, natural clay Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syukur Syukur)

84	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-208
Precipitation of Rare Earth Element from Indonesian Coal Fly Ash Using Sodium Sulfate I D Tajayani1, Sarto1, W Astuti2, Sutijan1,* 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika 2, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Research Unit for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan, Lampung 35361, Indonesia *Corresponding author: sutijan[at]ugm.ac.id Abstract Coal ash is a waste product of power plant combustion. Previous research revealed that coal ash contained levels of rare earth elements. This research uses coal fly ash from the Paiton power plant. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the Na2SO4 concentration, stirring rate, and temperature on the recovery of REE concentrate. The experiment was conducted in four steps (1) alkaline leaching, the process was carried out for 2 hours at 90 C with a fly ash solids to 8 M NaOH solution ratio of 1:4 to break the aluminosilicate bonds. (2) Acid leaching of residue for 4 hours at 90 C in 3 M HCl. (3) Precipitation of residue to remove the impurities such as Fe using 1 M NaOH at pH 5. (4) Precipitation of filtrate from process (3) using Na2SO4 to produce REE concentrate precipitates. The best conditions for obtaining REE residue recovery at the concentration of 20% Na2SO4, a stirring rate of 500 rpm, and a temperature of 50 C with the recovery is 88.72%. Keywords: Coal fly ash, rare earth element, leaching, precipitation, sodium sulfate Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Darari Tajayani)

85	Environmental Chemistry and Engineering	ABS-225
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Polysulfone/PPO Membranes from Purple Eggplant Extract (Solanum Melongena L.) Anceu Murniati1, Qina Ramdanyani1, Buchari Buchari2, Suryo Gandasasmita2, Zeily Nurachman3, Arie Hardian1 1Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia 2Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Membrane separation technology is still being developed to obtain optimal membrane performance in the separation process. Many uses membranes made of polymers using chitosan, but the brittle and hydrophobic nature of chitosan makes the filtration process less than optimal. Thus, it is necessary to add polymeric materials such as polysulfone which has the good mechanical quality and chemical stability and also has relatively large pores. The purpose of this research is a membrane with the basic ingredients of polysulfone, chitosan, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) modified by Cu(II). This research was initiated by making a polysulfone-chitosan membrane, then carried out the PPO-Cu(II) immobilization method on a polysulfone-chitosan membrane with the composition of polysulfone/chitosan being A (55%:45%) and B (32%:68%) respectively. The results of the characterization of polysulfone-chitosan-A membranes thickness (0.005 plus minus 0.002 cm) and polysulfone-chitosan-B (0.0095 plus minus 0.001 cm)- the mass of polysulfone-chitosan-A membrane (0.036 plus minus 0.0015) g and polysulfone-chitosan-B membrane (0.087 plus minus 0.002 gram). PPO activity was immobilized on the polysulfone-chitosan-A membrane (56.92%) or 2934.65 U and polysulfone-chitosan-B membrane (64.08%) or 3608.82 U, with 8 mM catechol as substrate. Meanwhile, the degree of swelling on polysulfone-chitosan-A membranes (28.792%) and polysulfone-chitosan-B membranes (29.92%). The SEM image on the membrane can be observed as a microfiltration membrane with a pore size (1.5-6.12 micrometer). Keywords: membrane, chitosan, polysulfone, PPO Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anceu Murniati)

86	Food Chemistry	ABS-26
In Silico Prediction: The Effect of Temperature and pH on the interaction of Cashew^s Allergen Ana o 3-IgE Sofia Malik Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University Abstract The major allergen of cashew Anacardium occidentale (Ana o 3) is Ana o 3 (2S albumin protein). Ana o 3 is the most allergenic among 2 other allergens in cashew- Ana o 1 (vicilin) and Ana o 2 (11S globulin). In the present work, we tried to bulid 3D structure from Ana o 3 because no structural information from crystallography or NMR is available in protein data bank. We evaluated the 3D structure prediction which we^ve gotten for it^s thermo and pH stability, combining molecular dynamics simulation using Gromacs software and immunoinformatics techniques using BioLuminate software. We applied annealing simulation at various constant temperature ranging from 300 until 450 K and set dominant protonation state as representative of given pH ranging from 4 until 6 for mimicking food processing in milk and yogurt cashew. In conclusion, 450 K could generate completely heat denaturation on the structure, despite the new epitope appears in structural unfolding and increase the allergenicity. In addition, simulations at pH 4 to 6 didn^t provide a significant role in reducing the binding affinity of IgE-allergen. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, Allergen, Allergenicity, Immunology, In silico Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sofia Malik)

87	Food Chemistry	ABS-72
Fortification of Mujair Fish Protein Hydrolysate (Tilapia Mossambica) On Enyek-enyek (Cassava Crackes) Eka Herlina (a*), Farida Nuraeni (a), Aldi Alhadid (a) Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pakuan, jl. Pakuan PO BOX 452, Bogor 16143, West Java Indonesia Abstract Enyek-enyek (Cassave crackes) is a traditional food that is widely used in West Java, made from grated cassava which is seasoned and then steamed until gelatinization occurs then dried in the sun and fried. According to previous studies, enyek-enyek is a snack food with a nutritional content dominated by carbohydrates. So that innovation is needed to increase nutritional value, one of which can be by adding fish protein hydrolysate. Fish protein hydrolysate made from tilapia fish (Tilapia mossambica). This study aims to determine the level of acceptance and chemical quality of the enyek-enyek formula by adding the Mujair Fish Protein Hydrolysate and obtain the best formula as well as organoleptic characteristics and chemical quality of the enyek-enyek. The parameters tested are organoleptic characteristics, the favorability level is calculated with the friedman test then continued with the Bayes test to find out the best formula, then continued the proximate test of water content, ash content, fat content, and carbohydrates. Friedman test results showed that the addition of protein hydrolysate had an effect on the organoleptic and chemical values. The organoleptic quality characteristics of the selected formula are having a color value with a value of 7.1 or being on the like criteria, texture with a value of 7.2 being in the like criteria, aroma with a value of 7.1 or being in the liking criteria, taste with a value of 7.7 or are in the criteria of very good. The chemical quality characteristics of the selected formula were 6.1% protein, 0.8% fat content, 1.9% ash content and 0.14% acid insoluble ash content and 6.1% water content. Keywords: Fortification- Fish protein hydrolysate, Cassava crakers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eka Herlina)

88	Food Chemistry	ABS-78
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SNACK BAR FROM YELLOW PUMPKIN SEEDS (Cucurbita moschata) AND HANJELI SEEDS (Coix lacryma jobi) Nur Khopipah Hadiansyah, Nunung Kurniasih, Assyifa Junitasari Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University, Bandung 40614, Indonesia Abstract Functional food is processed food that contains functional component compounds which based on scientific studies have physiological functions and are beneficial to health and are proven not to be harmful. Pumpkin seeds and hanjeli seeds have the potential to be used as functional food because they are contain flavonoids such as flavonol, apigenine, luteolin, nobiletin, isoliquiritigenin, quersetin, kaempferol, and naringenin. This study analyzed the antioxidant activity of pumpkin seeds and hanjeli seeds, then made a snack bar with five variations of adding pumpkin seeds and hanjeli seeds, 30: 70, 40: 60, 50: 50, 60 : 40, and 70: 30% and then analyzed for antioxidant activity and nutritional content. The method used to determine the antioxidant activity is the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazil). The method used to determine the nutritional value of the snack bar is proximate analysis, includes the determination of water content (thermogravimetric method), ash content (direct ashing method), protein content (Kjeldahl method), fat content (Soxhlet method), and carbohydrate content (by difference method). The results showed that the antioxidant activity of pumpkin seeds was 52.46% and hanjeli seeds was 50.55%. While the snack bar which has the highest antioxidant activity value, which is a variation of 70%: 30%, is 83.27%. Variations in the ratio of the addition of pumpkin seeds and hanjeli seeds affect the nutritional value of the snack bar. The greater the addition of pumpkin seeds increases the value of water, ash, protein, and fat content but decreases the value of carbohydrate content. Keywords: antioxidant activity- proximate analysis- hanjeli seeds- pumpkin seeds- snack bars Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nunung Kurniasih)

89	Food Chemistry	ABS-102
DISCRIMINATING METABOLITE PROFILES OF THE WILD AND THE CAGED LUWAK COFFEES WITH 1H NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS Lizma Febrina(a,b) Nizar Happyana(a), Yana Maolana Syah(a) a) Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory Organic Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Technology Bandung,Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia b) Pharmaceuticals Research and Development Laboratory of Farmaka Tropis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University JL.Penajam 01, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75119, Indonesia Abstract Kopi Luwak (civet coffee) is an excotic Indonesian coffee and the most expensive coffee in the world. It originated from coffee cherries fermented in the digestive system of the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphoditus). In the market, there are 2 types of kopi Luwak, namely the wild and the caged civet coffees. However, the chemical information of both civet coffee is still limited in the literature. NMR techniques, including 1H NMR, COSY, and TOCSY combined with chemometrics, were used to evaluate the metabolite profiles of roasted Luwak coffee beans. The coffee samples used in this work were roasted beans of the wild and the caged civet coffees obtained from Malabar Mountain, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. OPLS-DA was applied to reveal the similarities and differences within the coffee samples. Our results showed the most discriminant metabolites of the wild roasted civet coffees were malic acid and citric acid. Meanwhile, the characteristic metabolites of the caged civet coffee were acetic acid, lactic acid, and lipids. This study demonstrated that the wild civet coffee possessed a unique metabolome and was different from the caged civet coffee. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first scientific report regarding the discrimination of metabolite profiles of the roasted (wild and caged) Luwak coffees with NMR spectroscopy approach. Keywords: Luwak Coffee, Roasted Beans, NMR, Metabolomics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lizma Febrina)

90	Food Chemistry	ABS-113
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND MICROBIOLOGICAL OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICES AFTER ADDITIONAL PROBIOTICS OF WATER KEFIR Florentina Maria Titin Supriyanti1, Fidya Ahdiati Utami2, Zackiyah3 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and microbiology of fruit and vegetable juices after the addition of water kefir probiotics. The method used is a literature review model with a narrative review using the keywords kefir, water kefir, kevir-like beverages and fermentation on the search engines Science Direct, Researchgate and Google schooler. There were 5 appropriate international journals, then a review of the suitability of the contents of the journal was carried out, 2 journals were obtained that could be used as references. The analysis was carried out on fruit juices before and after fermentation, including physicochemical analysis consisting of pH value, total titrated acid, total dissolved solids, and yields of ethanol, carbon dioxide, lactic acid and acetic acid- antioxidant activity and determination of the number of microbes that grow on various types of media and their feasibility test. The results showed that the addition of water kefir probiotics to various fruit and vegetable juices had an effect on the physicochemical properties- antioxidant activity, phenolic and anthocyanin content- increase in the number of microbes calculated from the number of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc on MRS media, Lactococcus on M17 media, Saccharomyces on DRBC media and Mesophilic bacteria on PCA media. Water kefir products that meet the eligibility standards as probiotic drinks are kiwi, kwinsi, strawberry and tomato juice kefir. Keywords: Fruit, Fermentation, water kefir, probiotics, vegetables. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Florentina Maria Titin Supriyanti)

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