STUDY OF GROWTH POSITION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION ON PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ANTIOXIDANTS OF KRATOMS (Mytragina spp.) IN SIBAU HULU KALIMANTAN BARAT Cico J.K. Simamora, Kiki P. Utomo, Jumiati, Muhammad Pramulya and Nelly Wahyuni
Universitas Tanjungpura
Abstract
Kratom is a source of bioactive compound that are widely planting in West Kalimantan. Morphologically, there are two types of kratom red and green, which are classified as 1 species. The purpose of this study was to identify species and the effect of land distance on the phytochemical of kratom leaves which were thought to be influenced by the composition of nutrients, growth inhibitor, and associative microorganisms. This research was conducted by analyzing the nutrients at 160, 240, and 423m from Kapuas. Phytochemical analysis using colorimetric and gravimetric methods, and antioxidants with DPPH assay. Microorganism calculations were tested using the TPC method, while molecular identification was carried out using MatK and RbCl marker. Phytochemical tests at 3 land distances from the Kapuas River showed different results. The highest phenol content was found in green kratom at 160m (0.66mgGAE/g). Meanwhile, the highest flavonoid was found in red kratom at 244m (13.96mg/QE/g). The highest alkaloid content was found in 244m green kratom (21.30%/g). Red kratom at 160m distance had the highest antioxidant activity (70.69%). The study found that the red and green kratom variants were genetically different based on the MatK and RbCl gene markers. The results of associative microorganism observations showed a significant difference where the highest biofertilizer was red kratom at 244m from the river, including Phosphate Solubilizing (2.19x105CFU/g), Potassium Solubilizing (1.6x105), Nitrogen fixaxion (1.1x105CFU/g), and phenol degradable (6.5x104CFU/g). Based on this research, it is known that kratom, which has been considered a variant, is genetically different and not a single species. In addition, it is also known that overall green kratom has the highest phytochemical content compared to red kratom, with the best planting location not on the banks of the Kapuas River, which is at a land distance of 244m.
