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31	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-50
Development of climate resilient home garden model for year round production for improving resource-poor household food and nutritional security in Eastern India Kumari Shubha, Anirban Mukherjee, Ujjwal Kumar, Tanmay K. Koley and Arbind K. Choudhary ICAR RESEARCH COMPLEX FOR EASTERN REGION, PATNA Abstract Indian Government has long worked to improve food security and reduce poverty and hunger in eastern Indian states.The eastern states are facing malnutrition problems much more than other parts of the country. Vegetables are the sufficient and cheaper source of nutrition. Home gardens can play an important role in providing enhanced food supplyand increased diversity of food to some extent. A model of 100 m2 and 200 m2 were developed and established at ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India during the year 2019-20. In the winter season from 637g and 596g vegetables were produce per head per day from 100m2 and 200m2 models respectively. Similarly in the summer season 478.22g and 487g vegetables were produce per head per day from 100m2 and 200m2 models respectively. Home garden can provide a significant percentage of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein (35%), essential fat (25%), micronutrients like iron (26%), zinc (19%) calcium (20%) and essential vitamin like vitamin A (138%) and vitamin C (211%). Predominately solanaceous vegetables, cole crops and cucurbits were grown in home garden. But if majority of commercial vegetable could be replaced by climate resilience, nutri-dense, legume vegetables, availability of protein, iron and zinc will increase significantly from 35 to 60%, 26 to 55% and zinc 19 to 40% respectively. Keywords: Food Security, Nutritional security- Climate resilient, Home garden model, Rural household Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kumari Shubha)

32	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-58
Study of the use of True Shallot Seed ( TSS) that have been stored for 2 years and their production in the Sibolangit farmer group, North Sumatra Sortha Simatupang , Tumpal Sipahutar , Imelda Marpaung dan Evawati Sri Ulina BPTP Sumatera Utara, Kementan RI Abstract The purpose of this study: To determine the decrease in vigor of seeds from the botanical seeds of shallots after being stored for 1 and 2 years, and the productivity of the consumable tubers produced. This research was conducted in January - July 2020. The germination research was conducted at AIAT North Sumatra Medan. The study used a non-factorial completely randomized design with 10 replications. The treatments are: seed storage, namely: S1) in the refrigerator, wrapped in plastic + silica gel, stored for 2 years- S2: in the refrigerator, wrapped in plastic, in a sealed can + silica gel, stored for 2 years S3): in an air-conditioned room, in Al foil, stored for 2 years- S4: in the refrigerator, wrapped in plastic without silica gel, stored for 1 year- S5) control: new harvest Seeds that grew normally from each treatment were planted in the field as planting material for the production of bulbs for consumption of shallots. The location is on the land of the Arih Ersada farmer group in Sibolangit Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. The results showed: The best treatment was storing the seeds in plastic in cans that were given silica gel and stored in the refrigerator. In this treatment the decrease in germination was lowest compared to other treatments. Field tests did not show any difference in plant vigor. The productivity produced by farmers from the treatment of stored seeds reached 15 t/ha, and there was no difference in storage treatment for storage time, packaging and storage. Production costs increase due to additional costs of purchasing seeds due to decreased normal germination. This means that the seeds are still suitable for use. Keywords: Seeds, shallots, storage, productivity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (sortha simatupang)

33	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-59
Spodoptera Exigua Pest Control Strategy on Shallots Through Intercropping with Aromatic Plants Lilis wulandari, Rika Despita, Gunawan Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian malang Abstract Spodoptera exigua is the main pest on shallot plants. The attack rate can reach 40% which results in a decrease in onion production. One way of controlling the environment that is environmentally friendly and reduces pest resistance is by intercropping using aromatic plants. This study aims to control the pest attack Spodoptera exigua. The research method used a randomized block design with 4 treatments, namely: monoculture (P1), onion and celery intercropping (P2), onion and mint intercropping (P3), onion and rosemary intercropping (P4). Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. In each experiment, the calculation of farming analysis was carried out. Observations of pests were carried out on colonization, attack area, attack level, and intensity of attack of Spodoptera exigua. Observations of plant growth and production were carried out on plant height, number of leaves, and weight of fresh and dry bulbs consumed. The results of observations of pests were analyzed descriptively and the results of observations of plant growth were carried out using ANOVA and DMRT tests at 5% level. The results showed that colonization, attack area, level of attack, the intensity of attack of Spodoptera exigua was the lowest intercropping shallot with rosemary. Plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight of tubers, and dry weight of tubers were best consumed by monoculture treatment, but based on the analysis of farming the most profitable was the intercropping of shallots with rosemary. Keywords: intensity of Attack, growth, production and business analysis of shallot Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lilis Wulandari)

34	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-62
CHARACTER SELECTION OF SHADE-LOVING TOMATOES AND GENETIC INTERACTION X SHADE TYPE ON TOMATO PLANTS PRODUCTIVITY Dwiwanti Sulistyowati, Arya Widura Ritonga Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic Abstract Low light stress causes a variety of changes in morphology, anatomy, and phenology, these changes are intended to capture more photons in low light. This study consists of two experiments, the aim (1) this study was to investigate morphology, anatomy, and phenology characters of shade-loving tomato genotypes at low light intensity- and (2) the genetic interaction and shade type on the yield of tomato plants. The experiment was carried out from January 2015 to March 2018, arranged in a nested design in the form of 2 factors (shade type and tomato genotype) with 3 and 4 replications. The first factor consisted of two types of shade, namely without shade (0%) and 50% shading (first experiment), added corn shade, and papaya shade (second experiment). The tomato genotypes used in the first experiment consisted of four shade-loving genotypes (SSH 3, Medan 4, Papua 2, Maros 3), four shade-tolerant genotypes (Karina, Tomat kecil 1, SSH 9, Bogor), and four shade-sensitive genotypes (Kediri 2, Brastagi 6, Marglobe, F 6005001-4-1-12-5). The second experiment consisted of a shade-loving genotype (SSH3), a shade-sensitive parental genotype (4979), five cross-breeding genotypes (370-1, 384-11, 326-4, 380-16, and 381-11), and three commercial varieties (IPB Tora, Karina, and Palupi). The first experimental results of shade-loving tomato genotypes at low light intensity showed an increase in plant height, leaf number, maintaining high stomata density, reducing leaf thickness and palisade height, and flowering time and harvesting time. The second experiment results showed that genotypes 370-1 and 384-11 were 50% shade-loving genotypes, had better production than commercial varieties. Genotypes 380-13, SSH3, and 4979 were shade-loving papaya genotypes, tomato genotypes 326-4, 380-16, and 381-11 were shade-loving maize genotypes- and has a production that tends to be better than commercial varieties. Keywords: leaf thickness, stomata density, low light intensity, papaya shade, corn shade Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwiwanti Sulistyowati)

35	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-65
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Secondary Metabolic Compounds in Putative Mutants (MV3) from 3 Genotypes of Garlic Utin Winarni (1), Syarifah Iis Aisyah(2), Diny Dinarti(2,3) 1Postgraduate student Plant breeding and Biotechnology Study Program, IPB University 2Department Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University 3Corresponding author : dinyagh[at]apps.ipb.ac.id Abstract This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in garlic putative mutants in MV3 generation from three genotypes with exposure to gamma ray doses. The putative mutants analyzed were LK (Lumbu Kuning) (0, 1, 2, and 10 Gy), TMB (Tawangmangu Baru) (0, 4 and 8, Gy) and CWD (Ciwidey) (0, 1, 2, 6 , and 8 Gy). Fresh garlic samples were dried in an oven at 50oC for 24 hours. Metabolic analysis for volatile compounds used untargeted compound by gas spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with 70% ethanol as solvent. The results of this study showed that in LK genotype there were 28 metabolites and CWD obtained 34 metabolites with total pct above 1%, while TMB genotype obtained 21 metabolites with total pct above 2%. CWD and TMB genotypes have Trisulfide compound, di-2-propenyl with the largest total pct, while in LK genotype the compound were Isobenzofuro [5,6-b]benzofuran-8-carboxylic acid, 1,3-dihydro-7,10-dimethoxy- 9-methyl-1-oxo-, the methyl ester with the largest total pct. Grouping based on the analyzed metabolites obtained three large clusters. Cluster I consists of heterocyclic compounds (benzofurans), cluster II consists of new compounds that have not been identified and cluster III consists of groups of organosulfur compounds, n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, esters, alcohols, ketones, furans and aldehydes. The grouping of putative mutants based on secondary metabolites obtained three large clusters. Cluster I consisted of one putative CWD 8 Gy mutant, cluster II consisted of one LK 1 Gy putative mutant and cluster III consisted of ten putative mutants namely LK 2 Gy, TMB 0 Gy, TMB 8 Gy, TMB 4 Gy, CWD 2 Gy, LK 10 Gy, LK 0 Gy, CWD 0 Gy, CWD 1 Gy and CWD 6 Gy. Differences in metabolites produced by putative mutants: LK putative mutants obtained several new compounds: 2 - Pentanol, 4 - methyl - (1 Gy), Silicic acid, diethyl bis (trimethylsilyl) ester (2 Gy), Hentriacontane (10 Gy). CWD putative mutans : Hentriacontane (1 Gy), Hexane, 2,3,5-trimethyl (2 Keywords: allicin, antimicrobial, GC-MS, metabolomics, mutant. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Utin Winarni)

36	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-66
Contribution of Vegetable Urban Farming on Household Food Expenditure in Yogyakarta City Riskie Amanda Wahyu Primaningrum (a*), Irham (b), Sugiyarto (b) a) Magister Management Agribisnis, Departement of Agricultural Socioeconomics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Jl. Flora, Kocoran, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 *riskieamanda[at]mail.ugm.ac.id b) Departement of Agricultural Socioeconomics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Jl. Flora, Kocoran, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 Abstract Urban farming activities are expected to be a solution to improve food security condition of urban people household. Vegetable urban farming has contributed to the household food expenditure. This study aims to: (1) analyze the level of household food expenditure of people who carrying out vegetable urban farming, (2) estimate the value of vegetable urban faming production, and (3) measure the contribution of vegetable urban farming on the household expenditure of urban people who carrying out vegetable urban farming. Primary data are used in this study obtained from 60 households of urban people who carrying out vegetable urban farming in the city of Yogyakarta. The method used is the share of household expenditure. The result of the analysis shown that the share of household expenditure of urban people who carrying out vegetable urban farming in Yogyakarta is 44.30% which is included in the low category. The contribution of vegetable urban farming production on the food expenditure is counted to be 1,09% which is equivalent to Rp 137.560 a year. The analysis also shown that the increase in the contribution of vegetable urban farming lead to the increase in food security of urban people. Keywords: Vegetable Urban Farming, Contribution, Household Food Expenditure Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riskie Amanda Wahyu Primaningrum)

37	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-69
Growth and Yield Response of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Cultivars from Seeds Propagation to Paclobutrazol Dosage Prahesti Elizani1,2- Endang Sulistyaningsih1*- Retno Pangestuti 1,3 1)Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 2) Agriculture and Food Security Office of Yogyakarta Special Region, Yogyakarta, 55163, Indonesia 3 )Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Central Java Jln. Soekarno Hatta KM 26, No 10, Bergas, Kabupaten Semarang 50552, Indonesia Abstract The cultivation of shallots with seed propagation (TSS/True Seed of Shallot) is one of the efforts to resilience and healthy diets. Therefore, TSS becomes an alternative material planting of shallot in Indonesia. Aplication of paclobutrazol after maximum vegetative fase in shallot planted from seeds will inhibit vegetatif growth and accelerate translocation photosynthate to shallot bulbs. This research was arranged in RCBD with two factors and three blocks. The first factor was cultivars (Tuk Tuk, Sanren and Lokananta), and the second was the paclobutrazol dosages (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L-1) which was applied twice at 20 and 35 dyas after planting (dap). All Data obtained were analyzed for &#945-=5% variance analysis and followed by DMRT &#945-=5% test. The results showed the applications of 15 and 30 mg L-1 paclobutrazol effectively inhibited the plant height at 40-50 dap and the number of leaves at 30-40 dap, but increased nitrat reductase activity at 30 dap, total leaf chlorophyll content during plant growth, net assimilation rate, plant growth rate, total dry weight, bulb number and productivity compare to the plants with application of 45 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and untreated plants. Sanren, Lokananta and Tuk Tuk showed potential higher yield with formation of 5.50, 3.17 and 2.49 bulbs per plants, respectively. The optimum paclobutrazol dosage was 22.75 mg L-1 with a productivity increased by 29.07% compared to untreated plants. Keywords: paclobutrazol- yield- true seed of shallot Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Endang Sulistyaningsih)

38	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-70
Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum Group) Affected by Transplanting Age and Varieties of TSS Baaqiy Amri Annisa 1), Endang Sulistyaningsih 1)*, Retno Pangestuti 1,2) 1) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 2) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Central Java Jln. Soekarno Hatta KM 26, No 10, Bergas, Kabupaten Semarang 50552, Indonesia Abstract Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is an important commodity since it is used for spices, traditional medicines, and healty diet components. Growth and yield shallot plants from TSS affected by different transplanting ages were determined in the research in RCBD with two factors and three blocks. The first factor was the transplanting time (4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after sowing), and the second factor was the TSS varieties, i.e., Sanren, Tuk Tuk, and Lokananta. Analysis of variance &#945- of 5% was performed on growth and yield data and continued with Duncan^s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that transplanting 4-6 weeks ages. Seedlings provided higher plant height, leaf area, root, plant growth rate, and plant yield than those in transplanting 8-10 weeks ages seedlings. Seedling transplanted at 4-6 weeks ages could produce yield 20.07 to 23.03 tonnes. ha-1 while Seedling transplanted at 8-10 weeks ages produced yield 14.51 to 16.19 tonnes. ha-1. The treatment of varieties showed no significant difference in yield, which Tuk-Tuk, Sanren, and Lokananta had 21.20, 17.39, and 16.75 tonnes.ha-1, respectively. However, Sanren formed more bulbs per plant (4 bulbs) than Tuk-Tuk, which only formed two bulbs. We concluded that Sanren, Tuk Tuk, and Lokananta seedlings could be transplanted after 4-6 weeks of age. Keywords: seedlings, transplanting age, true seed of shallot, varieties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Endang Sulistyaningsih)

39	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-76
Optimization of Anthocyanin Extraction Time from Banana Blossom (Musa spp) with Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Dianasri Widyapuri(a*), Condro Wibowo(a), Ike Sitoresmi Mulyo Purbowati (a) a) Faculty of Agriculture Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java *dianasri.widyapuri[at]mhs.unsoed.ac.id Abstract Banana blossom is a by-product of the of banana plants which limited utilization for human. It contains of anthocyanin that is potentially as natural dyes in the food industry. Anthocyanin from banana blossom can be extracted using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. UAE is a non-conventional extraction method with ultrasonic waves. In addition to the frequency applied during the treatment, UAE is affected by the duration of sonication for producing the high yield. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of the duration of sonication treatment on anthocyanin yield in banana blossom extract. Experimental design applied in this research is randomized group design with five treatments namely maceration for 24 hour, sonication: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes. Sonication was carried out at 40 kHz. Parameters determined were anthocyanin yield and color (L*, a*, b*). The results showed that the appropriate treatment for producing the anthocyanin from the banana blossom is UAE with 5 minute sonication treatment. This treatment produces a total anthocyanin of 87.31 mg/L with color parameters: L*, a*, and b* values of 28.67- 12.54 and 17.92, respectively. Keywords: banana blossom- anthocyanin- ultrasonic assisted extraction- sonication Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dianasri Widyapuri)

40	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-80
Seed-borne Fungal Contaminants on Garlic Post-harvest Storage in Sembalun Highlands of Eastern Lombok, Indonesia Baiq Nurul Hidayah (a*), Nani Herawati (a), Ai Rosah Aisah(a), Tantawizal (a), Yuli Handayani (b) a) Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian) West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia * baiqnurul[at]pertanian.go.id b) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Indonesia Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a horticultural commodity of high economic value in Indonesia. Sembalun Highlands in West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the largest garlic producing regions in Indonesia. Garlic is mostly grown in irrigated highlands therefore domestic production is very limited, only supplies 17.5% of domestic demand. One of the main constraints facing in post-harvest storage is seed-borne fungal contaminants. The objective of this research was to investigate fungal contaminants on garlic seeds in Sembalun Highlands. This research was conducted in October-December 2018. Samples (Sangga Sembalun garlic seeds) were collected from garlic post-harvest storage in Sembalun Highlands, whilst laboratory analysis and identification were conducted at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University using Blotter on Test method. Based on the laboratory identification, there were two main soil-borne fungal contaminants isolated from garlic seed samples. Observation under microscope with 400x and 1000x magnification indicated that those fungal contaminants were Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium oxysforum. Aspergillus sp. was identified based on it^s morphology especially conidia and conidiophores whiles F. oxysforum was identified based on microconidia and macroconidia. It is well known that F. oxysforum is plant pathogenic fungi on garlic worldwide. Keywords: fungi, garlic, pathogen, seed, storage Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Baiq Nurul Hidayah)

41	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-81
^Proliga Technology^ for Red Chili in The Rice Fields, Jambi Province Desi Hernita1}, Lutfi Izhar1}, Rustam1}, Milda Erizanti1}, Bagus Kukuh Udianto2), Suci Primilestari1} and Eva Salvia1} 1}Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology of Jambi, Indonesia 2}Vegetable Crops Research Institute, West Java, Indonesia Abstract This study was conducted in Rawa Medang Village, Batang Asam District, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency from May to September 2020. The aimed of study was to study the proliga technology for red chili in the rice fields, Jambi Province. Chilli was planted after rice cultivation (crop rotation) and located in rice production areas. Research was involving two co-operator farmers with 0.5 ha areas. The varieties used in this study are local variety and Kencana Variety. The experimental designed used Paired Treatment Comparison with 2 treatments: proliga technology and conventional technology. Proliga technology packages applied at the study site such as healthy seedlings method, zig-zag 2:1 planting patterns, corn border, weekly crop nutrient provided, and humic acid application. The results showed that proliga technology increased the percentage of seedlings growing by 95-99% and showed significance difference^s in the number of branches, the number of flowers, as well as extending the harvest time. Keywords: Proliga, varieties, red chilies Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Desi Hernita)

42	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-83
Chia Seed as The Food of The Century : A Review Dwi Susilo Utami (a), and Paramita Maris (b*) a) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tunas Pembangunan, Manahan, Surakarta, Central Java 57139 b) Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Cimanggu, Bogor 16111, West Java *paramitamaris[at]yahoo.com Abstract There has been a lot of research of chia seed that has been done lately. Nowadays people are increasingly aware of the importance of health and the issues around it. How to improve the life expectancy by consuming super foods is a way that is currently being taken by many people. One of the super foods that is currently being discussed a lot is chia seed. This seed is mainly produced in several countries like Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Ecuador. The crop is gaining popularity in all over the world because its benefits to human and is often referred to as the food of 21st century. It has beneficial effects related to obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some type of cancer. It contains high concentration of essential fatty acids, dietary fibre, antioxidants, flavonoids, anthocyanins, vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals. Apart from its nutrient rich content, chia seed can be classified as food ingredients, functional food or even a medical medicine. It has rich nutritional content which can improve the nutritional content of food products when they are mixed or blended. This paper covers the latest research on the identified active ingredients, the health benefit, and potential market of chia seed Keywords: Healthy Diet, Nutrient, Salvia hispanica Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Paramita Maris)

43	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-86
Evaluation of Biocontrol Agents to Control Bacterial Wilt in Tomato using Seedling Screening Lourena Arone Maxwell (1*), Jaw-Rong Chen (1), Lawrence Kenyon (1), and Srinivasan Ramasamy (1) (1) World Vegetable Center, P.O. Box 42, Tainan 74199, Taiwan (*) Correspondence: lourena.maxwell[at]worldveg.org Abstract Tomato is among the most cultivated vegetable crops worldwide, and bacterial wilt (BW) caused by bacteria of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is the most devastating disease affecting tomato impacting food and nutrition security in many areas. Pesticides used for controlling plant diseases are hazardous to producers, consumers, and the environment, whereas biological control is a sustainable and environmentally safe alternative for disease management. To identify efficient biocontrol agents (BCAs), twenty-five potential BCAs isolates were screened for control efficacy to BW on ten-day-old tomato seedlings of highly susceptible (L390) and moderately resistant (L180) varieties previously inoculated with R. solanacearum strain PSS4 (=Asian origin, Race 1, Phylotype I- Biovar 3). After ten days of incubation at 28C in the growth chamber, wilting (W%) and biocontrol efficacy (BE%) percent were evaluated. Of the 25 BCAs tested, four significantly reduced W%, with BE% ranging from 50% to 80% for both varieties. The four BCAs isolates were identified as Talaromyces sp., Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., and variovorax sp. The seedling method allows the rapid and cheap in vivo screening of many potential BCAs to reliably identify those with higher bacterial wilt control efficacy for further testing. Keywords: Tomato, Biocontrol, bacterial wilt, seedling screening Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lourena Arone Maxwell)

44	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-87
Production and Quality of Two Varieties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) with Different Harvest Ages of Young Pods Destia Susanti S (a*), Maya Melati (b), Ani Kurniawati (b) a) Agronomy and Horticulture Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University Jl. Meranti, Campus of IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia *destiasusanti[at]apps.ipb.ac.id b) Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University Jl. Meranti, Campus of IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia Abstract Winged bean is a tropical vegetable crop that has the potential to be developed as legumes. Quality of young pod of winged bean can be determined by the age of harvest. This study aims to determine the production and quality of two varieties of winged bean pods with different harvest ages. The experiment was carried out from September 2020 to February 2021 at IPB experimental station, Darmaga, Bogor. The experiment used a factorial completely randomized block design with three replications, namely two winged bean varieties (Fairuz IPB and Sandi IPB) and harvest age (8, 10, 12, and 14 days after anthesis (DAA)). The results showed that the two varieties had different production and quality of young pods. Fairuz had higher number of flowers, the number of pods, total weight, and productivity of young pods compared to those of sandi. Sandi had high scores on pod length, pod softness, and anthocyanin content. The delay in harvesting caused the weight of young pods and productivity of young pods at the age of 14 DAA to be higher. Young pods harvested at 8 DAA were the softest and had the lowest thickness, and can be recommended to harvest the young pod. Keywords: Anthocyanin- Days after anthesis- Fairuz- Pod- Sandi Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Destia Susanti S)

45	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-97
Brassica vegetables: nutritional and health benefits and innovative market exploitation for dietary diversity Joao Carlos da Silva Dias University of Lisbon Abstract Brassica crops are a diverse group of vegetables. They are highly nutritious and have unique flavor and taste. Brassicas are good sources of dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin K, minerals and anti-oxidants glucosinolates and flavonoids, that exhibit anti-carcinogen properties. They are capable of accumulating substantial amounts of selenium when grown on high-selenium soil. This presentation highlights the nutritional and health benefits of Brassicas, as well as, their innovative market exploitation for dietary diversity Keywords: vegetable Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Joao Carlos Da Silva Dias)

46	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-100
Hypoglycemic Activity of Combination of Moringa Leaves And Sorghum Bran Aqueous Extract in Streptozotocine-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. EMMY NOVIARINI NINGTIYAS Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Abstract Diabetes Mellitus II (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic &#946--cell dysfunction as a consequence of unsettled hyperglycemia. The increase in blood sugar levels will trigger the onset of oxidative stress condition characterized by an imbalance between the number of free radicals and antioxidants. A recent study done aqueous extract of moringa leaves and aqueous extract of sorghum bran effective of lowering blood sugar levels but the research is conducted in the form of a single and has never done a combination between both the extracts. This research was conducted to evaluated the antidiabetic activity and find out the effect of the combination of aqueous extract of moringa leaves and aqueous extract of sorghum bran against glucose levels in rats induced streptozotocin. Combination of aqueous extract of moringa leaves and aqueous extract of sorghum bran (50:50) showed total phenol of 28.60 mgGAE/g and antioxidant activity of IC50 of 112.67 ppm. The results of in vivo testing showed that the optimal dosage of combination aqueous extract of moringa leaves and aqueous extract of sorghum bran is 3,6 ml/200g bw. The antioxidant and antidiabetic activity improved pancreatic beta cells profile of diabetic rats and reduced blood glucose levels by 59.8% in the fourth week. Keywords: Antidiabetic, Sorghum, Moringa oleifera Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (EMMY NOVIARINI NINGTIYAS)

47	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-105
Vegetable Ensures Nutrtion Security Prem Nath Vegetable Science International Network (VEGINET) Abstract Food is main source of human healthy diet, which is composed of grains, vegetables and fruits, tubers and roots. Food or these crop plants contain nutrients, the consumption of which provides nutrition security to human. The present presentation will discuss about the food crisis, nutrient crisis and health crisis and illustrate the contribution of vegetables in challenging and mitigating those crises. It is reported that about 821 million people suffer from hunger and malnutrition (FAO) whereas, over 3 billion people suffer from micro-nutrient deficiency worldwide. Without consumption of vegetables, micro-nutrient deficiency cannot be evaded or controlled. Evidences ensure that immunity against both non-communicable and communicable diseases could be enhanced through consumption of healthy diet including vegetables and fruits. The World Health Report 2002 indicates that about 2.7 million people could be potentially saved against non-communicable diseases by adequate consumption of vegetables and fruits. The recent literature indicate that healthy diet promotes immunity to diseases including the deadly Covid - 19 presently affecting human around the world. Keywords: Food, nutrients, nutrition, immunity, nutrition security, health security Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Prem Nath)

48	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-107
Farmer^s Willingness to Grow Garlic: Empirical Evidence from Sembalun, West Nusa Tenggara Lalu Hendri Setiawan (a), Marlina Ayuni Khosyati (a), Nurul Nazira (a), Siti Shara (a), Baiq Wardani Hidayati (a), Suprehatin Suprehatin (a) (a) IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, Indonesia 16680 *suprehatin[at]apps.ipb.ac.id Abstract Farmer^s willingness to grow garlic, a high value horticulture crop, is one of the important factor to food self-sufficiency through production. The purpose of this study was to analyze the willingness of Sembalun farmers to grow garlic and its determinant factors using theory of planned behavior (TPB) approach. This study used a primary data from a survey of 157 garlic farmers in Sembalun sub-district, West Nusa Tenggara. Data were analysed using scoring and Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) analysis. The results showed that willingness of Sembalun farmers to grow garlic was at a moderate level with a score in between 33.34 and 66.66. Attitude, subjective norm, and behavioral control had a positif and significant effect on Sembalun farmer^s willingness to grow garlic. Meanwhile, Sembalun farmer^s willingness to grow garlic was not affected by knowledge of farmers, farm size, and age. This study recommends that increasing the willingness of farmers can be achieved by improving the internal factors such as attitude, subjective norm, and perceptions of behavioral control to grow garlic and external factors in the micro, meso and macro levels. Keywords: garlic, Sembalun, SEM-PLS, willingness to grow Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suprehatin Suprehatin)

49	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-108
Determination of Seed Physiological Maturity of Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Based on Phenology, Seed Quality, and Heat Unit Accumulation Neny Priska Yuliandira, Okti Syah Isyani Permatasari, Satriyas Ilyas* Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Jl. Meranti IPB Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. Email: satriyas_ilyas[at]apps.ipb.ac.id Abstract This study aimed to obtain information about the phenology of flowers, fruits, seeds, and to determine the appropriate heat unit accumulation to reach the seed physiological maturity of kangkong (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) when the maximum seed quality is achieved. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with one factor. The experimental factor was the seed harvest age consisted of 15 levels, starting from 16 days after anthesis (DAA) or 79 days after planting (DAP) to 30 DAA. The anthesis occurred at 63 DAP. The results showed that the seed physiological maturity of kangkong cv KK02 was achieved at 25 DAA with the characteristics of brownish fruit color, white seeds, and the seeds turned dark brown after drying. At 25 DAA, the seed moisture content was the lowest (9%) while the seed dry weight (4.55 g), seed viability (87% germination), and seed vigor (79% vigor index, 84% simultaneity of germination, and seedling growth rate of 118.11 mg normal seedling-1) reached their maximum. The heat unit of kangkong cv KK02 at the seed physiological maturity was 1,668.50 degrees Cd. Keywords: Days after anthesis, Harvest age- Seed dry weight- Seed viability- Seed vigor Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Satriyas Ilyas)

50	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-110
Preliminary Result Test of Potato Genotype (Solanum tuberosum) in Garut District Widiyanti Mu^adz (b), Linda Nur Salma (a), Sobir (a,b), Awang Maharijaya (a,b) Center for Tropikal Horticulture Studies, IPB University Abstract Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are one of carbohydrates source which is interested, but its national production and yield are still low. Efforts to increase potato production are by developing new varieties with higher yield. This study aimed to evaluate the yield potential of IPB genotypes potato in Garut district, West Java. The study was conducted in Girijaya Village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency, West Java in November 2020 to March 2021. This study uses a completely randomized Complete Group Design (RKLT) namely genotypes and three replications as a group. The planting material used are the potato genotype PKHT-2020-006, PKHT-2020-010, PKHT-2020-012, PKHT-2020-016, PKHT-2020-017, PKHT-2019-021, as well as Medians and Granola potato varieties as a comparison. The results showed that genotypes of PKHT-2020-012 and PKHT-2019-021 had the highest productivity than the comparison varieties. The others genotype that have productivity not different with comparison varieties is genotype of PKHT-2020-010. Keywords: Genotype- Productivity- Yield potential trial Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Linda Nursalma)

51	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-112
Rice to Rise: Development and Utilization of Rice Hull Paper Bags in Rice Retail Stores in Southern Leyte, Philippines Eden Vina L. Grate, Jolina S. Ladan, Rovic D. Oppus, and Pet Anthony L. Pascual Department of Food Science and Technology, Southern Leyte State University-Main Campus Abstract Rice hull is regarded as one of the Philippines^ most abundant biomass resources and present an environmental problem concerning its disposal. Milled rice is typically purchased in small quantities and packaged in non-biodegradable plastic packaging. Hence, this project aims to develop a rice hull based paperboard packaging as alternative to non-biodegradable plastic packaging used in rice retail stores. The procedure involves alkali treatment to produce pulp from rice hull, bleaching with sodium hypochlorite, binding, sheet forming using a flat metal sheet compressor, and sewing. The result of this project will primarily reduce the ecological impact of open burning of rice hulls, demonstrate the feasibility of substituting wood chips used in paper-based packaging and thus reducing deforestation, and become a sustainable alternative to plastic packaging commonly used by rice retail stores in the Philippines. Keywords: soda pulping, packaging, agriculture, non-wood, fiber Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eden Vina Lamoste Grate)

52	Food and Nutrition Security	ABS-114
VEGETABLES FOR FOOD SECURITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Idha Widi Arsanti, Henri Wira Perkasa Indonesian Center for Agricultural Education Abstract The agriculture sector is one of the sectors that showed a positive trend during the Pandemic Covid-19 in Indonesia. This positive trend is partly contributed by an increase in horticultural products such as fruits and vegetables during the period. Vegetables are considered a highly-valued commodity recently because the demand for vegetables shows a steady increase in domestic and international markets. The growing number of middle-income class people in urban areas consider vegetables an essential source of nutrition for their dietary lifestyle. This is an opportunity for the agriculture sector in Indonesia to capture a larger market for vegetables both domestically and globally to contribute toward national food security and economic growth purposes. However, vegetable farming in Indonesia still faces several challenges, both in productivity and structurally, to gain a competitive advantage. Using secondary data, this paper aims to explore vegetable farming in Indonesia by assessing market potential, production, and supply chain issues. The paper finds that the domestic market is as potential as the international market for vegetable products. Yet, farmers are still experiencing low productivity and high production costs that impact their incomes- the structure of vegetable farming is still dominantly conducted by small-scale farmers- a long supply chain- and other environmental issues such as the high use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides- and the expansion of vegetable farming in protected areas. To overcome these challenges, some approaches could be taken: improving the quality of inputs, involving the youth, promoting good agricultural practices, introducing off-season technology, and improving financial access for farmers. Keywords: competitive advantage, high value products, youth Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Idha Widi Arsanti)

53	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-1
Vegetable Farmers and Social Innovations in Food Estate Development Area: Collaborative Arrangements in Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatera, Indonesia Dr. Idha Widi Arsanti (a*), Dr. Acep Hariri (b) a) Indonesian Center for Agriculture Education Jln. Harsono RM No. 3, South Jakarta, Indonesia, 12550 *arsantiiw[at]gmail.com b) Malang Agricultural Development Polytechnic Jl. DR. Cipto No.144a, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65215 Abstract Vegetable farmers in food estate area of Humbang Hasundutan are seeking new types of collaborations and economic opportunities in the new adaptation era. Market opportunities, however, have incurred demanding environmental, financial and labour requirements, and created trade-offs between expanding cash crops and maintaining livelihood security. There are different collaborative models between vegetable farmers and other social agents (suppliers, industries, markets, government, non-governmental organizations) have emerged. Local farmers are engaging in collective actions and pursuing different types of partnerships, which facilitate knowledge exchange and access to market niches, also helping them overcome the infrastructural and logistical deficiencies that have historically limited rural development in this area. We examine the challenges and opportunities these partnerships and social innovations have created for local farmers, who are part of heterogeneous groups with distinct roles, assets and contexts. The state, food estate program posed challenges to small-scale vegetable farmers who experienced asymmetrical relationships within their partnership with private companies. Farmers should be pushed to be more flexibility in deciding their production arrangements, developing new farming techniques, and pursuing commercialization pathways. Despite their limited power, small-scale vegetable farmers have been able to overcome some structural barriers through innovations, entrepreneurship, and renegotiation of contract farming. Thus, their ability to engage in food estate programs provides concrete examples of the potential of governance based on collaborative arrangements to support sustainable vegetable farming systems. Keywords: collaboration- Humbang Hasundutan- vegetables Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Idha Widi Arsanti)

54	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-5
Smallholder producers^ options to participate and capture value from agri-food value chain Shaf Rijal Ahmad Indonesian Agricultural Engineering Polytechnic, Jl. Sinarmas Boulevard Nomor 01, Situ Gadung, Kec. Pagedangan, Tangerang, Banten 15338. Indonesia Abstract As an important sector in Indonesia, agriculture is facing serious challenges in the middle of agri-food value chain transformation. This sector is dominated by smallholder farmers who occupied less than 0,2 hectares of farm area, have poor education and skills, and are in the middle aged-old group. Thus, it may hamper the development of agriculture as it is difficult for these farmers to improve their business capability. It can be seen from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that tend to decrease annually. Meanwhile, scholars argued that the agri-food value chain transformation led to a better opportunity for farmers to capture more benefit from the emerging value chain. On the other hand, the emerging value chain also present more barriers that may not be addressed by smallholder farmers. This situation led to a question, what are the options for smallholder farmers to capture value from the emerging value chain system and how? This paper presents and discuss findings from studies in the area of agri-food value chain, includes options for smallholder farmers to participate within the value chain system and how, so that they can capture more value from it. A combination of market upgrading, process upgrading, and upgrading value governance can be options for smallholder farmers to participate within the transformation. However, these strategies cannot be achieved by smallholder alone. It required intervention from the external environment such as infrastructures, financial access and legislation as well as external agents from government, Non-Government Organisation, research agency, and private sectors. Keywords: Agriculture, value chain, value upgrading, smallholder farmers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shaf Rijal Ahmad)

55	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-11
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF MULTIPURPOSE GRATING MACHINE FOR MICRO AND SMALL BUSINESS SCALE WITH ELECTRIC MOTOR AS MAIN POWER SOURCE Athoillah Azadi, Heri Suliyanto, Mochamad Zakky POLITEKNIK ENJINIRING PERTANIAN INDONESIA Abstract The accuracy and speed of preparation of raw materials was one of the keys to the success of a food processing business during the pandemic and digital era. The purpose of this research was to design a mini multipurpose grating machine that can be used by micro and small scale processed food producers with a compact and simple design, made of food grade stainless steel material, and easy to maintain. This research uses food grade 316 stainless steel plate frame materials, 120 watt 1 phase mini electric motor, food grade grater cylinder, pulley, belt, axle, bolts, and cables, while the equipment used was design equipment in the form of the Solidworks 2013 application, and workshop equipment in the form of portable spot welding, wrenches, screwdrivers, and other equipment. This machine have specifications 1,550 mm in length, 900 mm in width, 2,100 mm in height and 3 kg in weight. The light and compact drive motor was the advantage of the machine which can be placed under the cylinder. The results of the performance test showed that the working capacity of grating for coconut was 2,56 kg/hour with an efficiency of 95,54%. The mini multipurpose grater machine was effective, efficient and hygienic, easy to carry and can be used for coconut, cassava, sweet potato, carrot, ginger and other similar commodities, which are used as raw materials for processed food on a micro and small scale business. Keywords: Mini multipurpose grating machine- effective, efficient and hygienic- micro and small businesses Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Athoillah Azadi)

56	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-12
Farmers^ interest in processing sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in South Binjai, Binjai, North Sumatra Indonesia Nurliana Harahap, Gusti Setiavani, Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar*, Luqman Al Hakim Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Medan, Jl.Jl. Binjai km 10, Tromol pos No.18, Paya Geli, Kec. Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, 20002 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl.Dr.A.Sofyan No 3 Medan, 20155, Sumatera Utara. Email: nurliana[at]gmail.com, ameiliazuliyanti[at]gmail.com Abstract Sweet potato is one of the typical foods of the Indonesian people. In addition to its sweet taste, nutritional value, sweet potatoes are foods that are easy to process so they have the potential to increase added value through processed products. This study aims to analyze the interest of farmers and the factors that influence the interest of farmers in processing sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in South Binjai District. This research was conducted from March to May 2021 in South Binjai District, Binjai City. The research method used was descriptive quantitative with Likert model scoring techniques and multiple linear analysis models. The results showed the interest of farmers in processing sweet potato very increase, influenced by the willingness, awareness, attention and feelings of pleasure can increase the interest of farmers in processing in sweet potatoes. Then T-test calculation shows the significance of farmers^ interest in processing sweet potatoes, consist of education, experience, and capital. While the variables of income, community environment and marketing were not significant effect on farmers^ interest in processing sweet potato in South Binjai District. So, which producers (farmers) and distributors can market their products properly, it must produce quality sweet potatoes that consumers like Keywords: farmers interest, processing, added value, sweet potatoes, North Sumatra Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurliana Harahap)

57	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-13
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECO-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE AND MARKETING INNOVATION ON SHALLOT FARMING (Case Study: Lestari Mulyo Farmer Group, Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Subdistrict, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region) Tri Martini, Kurnianita, and Hano Hanafi Yogyakarta Assessment Insitute for Agricultural Technology Abstract The habit of farmers selling crops with sistem slash is a practice of buying and selling by the contractor by buying agricultural products before entering the harvest period. The practice of buying and selling without perfect exchange sometimes leads to the vagueness of the number of goods sold, so it can cause losses to one of the parties. Semi-organic farming is a form of soil processing and cultivation of crops by utilizing fertilizers derived from organic materials and chemical fertilizers in minimal quantities to increase the nutrient content of the soil. Semi-organic farming can be said to be environmentally friendly agriculture because it can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to above 50%. Based on this concept, the purpose of this study is 1). Know the difference in production costs, receipts, and revenues from semi-organic and inorganic, 2). Know the difference in profit and feasibility of farming from sistem marketing slash and weight-based corporation. Sample determination using Non-Proposional Stratified Random Sampling method with the number of samples for semi-organic farmers is as many as 20 samples or respondents and inorganic as well as as many as 20 respondents. Quantitative descriptive data analysis as well as statistical tests (independent sample t-test). Analysis of shallot farming with environmentally friendly technology applied by farmers in Nawungan Bantul shows the profit obtained by farmers per hectare is Rp. 129,720,000 within +/- 50 days (1 season of planting shallots) compared to the inorganic system of Rp. 58,430,000. Production reached 15 tons/ha with an average price of Rp 17,000/kg (how to sell weight) with a total receipt of Rp 125,280,000. The average B/C ratio in shallot farming harvested by 1.03, greater than the slashed ratio of 0.952. The feasibility of semi-organic shallot farming (environmentally friendly) with marketing using corporate institutional innovations (weighing non-slash) showed the highest figure of 2.03. Keywords: semi-organic, the feasibility of farming, corporation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tri Martini Patria)

58	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-17
Pre-Cooling and Cold Storage Applications on Betel Fruit (Piper betel) Widyaningrum (a*), Nurtania Sudarmi (a) (a)Polbangtan Manokwari, Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia, Jalan SPMA Reremi, Manokwari 98312, Indonesia *diowidio[at]gmail.com Abstract Betel nut (Piper betel) is a fruit that is widely consumed by people in Papua which is combined with lime and areca nut in the tradition of eating areca nut. However, this Betel fruit is quickly damaged and rotten. The purpose of this study was to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of betel fruit by combining pre-cooling and cold storage methods with pre-cooling time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and cold storage time of 5, 10 and 15 days. The analysis carried out included water content, ash content, protein content, fat content and organoleptic tests. The study was conducted using the analysis of variance in a factorial completely randomized design model with three replications. Thus, there were 9 (nine) treatment combinations, 3 replications were carried out so that there were 27 experimental units. The data obtained were tested using the F test at the 5% level. If the treatment has a significant effect, it will be continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) further test. The results showed that pre-cooling combined with cold storage can extend the shelf life of betel fruit. Keywords: Pre-cooling, cold storage, betel fruit, piper betel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Widyaningrum Widyaningrum)

59	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-25
The Role of Farmer Group Members in Building Farmers Economic Institutions Through The Agribusiness Sub-Terminal (Sta) in Sidodadi Ramunia Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency Dwi Febrimeli(a*), Muhammad Teguh Prayogie(a), and M. Jufri (b) (a) Department of Sustainable Agricultural Extension, Agricultural development Polytechnic of Medan, Jl. Binjai Km 10 Tromol Pos 18 Medan, Indonesia * dwimemel[at]gmail.com (b) Agriculture Faculty, North Sumatera University Abstract The farmers must be involved in the process of growing and developing the Agribusiness Sub Terminal (STA). Only then can this terminal play an optimal role. Therefore, they must be the subject of the process. This study examined the level of the role of farmer group members and the factors that influence their participation in the Farmers^ Economic Institution through the Agribusiness Sub Terminal (STA). Sidodadi Ramunia Village at Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency were used as a location of the research. There are observation and interview methods by questionnaires with Likert scale that were tested before for validity and reliability. Meanwhile, the data analyses used the linear regression method. The result of the study indicated that farmer group members are highly involved in building the Farmers Economic Institution through the Agribusiness Sub Terminal (STA) with 91.54 percent. The role of the agricultural extension worker and the head of the farmer group significantly influenced Farmer group members^ roles. Additionally, farmers^ independence also showed the same effect. Currently, no significant effect can be observed from government policies. Effective farmer institutions are expected to be able to build a real contribution in increasing their independence and dignity to increase their bargaining position. Keywords: Role, Farmer Economic Institution, Agribusiness Sub Terminal (STA), role of agriculture extension, head of farmer group, farmer independence, government policy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (DWI FEBRIMELI)

60	Food Supply Chain and Agribusiness	ABS-33
Distribution of Major Viruses on Shallot in Indonesia Heri Harti (a*), Sobir (a,b), Suryo Wiyono (a,c), Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat (c) a) Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies , IPB University Kampus IPB Baranangsiang Jalan Pajajaran Bogor 16127. Indonesia *heri.harti16[at]gmail.com b) Departement of Agronomy and Horticulture , Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680. Indonesia c) Departement of Plant Protection , Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680. Indonesia Abstract Shallot production in Indonesia is threatened by viral diseases. The study was conducted to detect the main viruses infecting shallots and obtain data on their spread in Indonesia. Research activities included survey to several production centers of shallots (Brebes, Probolinggo, Solok, Bima and Enrekang) to observe the incidence of disease and collect samples for identification of viruses in the laboratory. The main symptoms found in the field involved flat leaves with yellow striped leaves in the center, green stripes, yellow stripes and wrinkled. Four main viruses, namely OYDV, SYSV, GarCLV and SLV were successfully detected by the dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) method and were found in Brebes, Probolinggo, Solok, and Enrekang. Based on observations of symptoms in the field it was known that the highest incidence of viral diseases is in Brebes (70.81%) while the lowest was in Bima (25.17%). Factors influencing the incidence of the virus included planted varieties, altitude, the origin of the seeds, and application of manure. Keywords: disease incidence, dot immunobinding assay, origin of seeds, production center, survey Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Heri Harti)

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