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1 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-5

PENGEMBANGAN PLATFORM UNTUK KENDARAAN BERBASIS LISTRIK
Team Leader: Dr. Eng. Bentang Arief Budiman

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung- National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology


Abstract

Revolusi kendaraan listrik diperkirakan akan terjadi dalam 20 tahun ke depan. Momentum ini adalah kesempatan besar bagi industri nasional untuk merebut pasar otomotif di Indonesia. Tidak seperti teknologi kendaraan berbahan bakar minyak yang telah mencapai titik jenuh, teknologi kendaraan listrik belum sepenuhnya mapan dan masih terus berkembang. Tantangan utama pengembangan teknologi kendaraan listrik adalah masih rendahnya kapasitas energi baterai yang mengakibatkan range of anxiety bagi pengendaranya. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan kendaraan listrik yang ringan tanpa mengorbankan kekakuan dan kekuatan strukturnya. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada penelitian dan pengembangan platform kendaraan listrik. Platform kendaraan listrik yang dikembangkan akan digunakan untuk kendaraan jenis bis listrik dan Trike listrik (e-Trike). Platform bis listrik yang dikembangkan bersifat adaptif sehingga dapat digunakan untuk bis ukuran 3/4 (30-35 penumpang), ukuran full (50-54 penumpang) dan ukuran mini (18-20 penumpang). Sedangkan platform e-Trike yang akan dikembangkan memiliki kapasitas angkut 300 kg dengan volume angkut mencapai 2 m^3.

Keywords: EV Platform

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (CCR NCSTT)


2 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-6

Pengembangan Range Extender Bus Listrik
Team Leader: Dr. Ir. Iman Kartolaksono

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung- National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology


Abstract

Penggunaan bus / mobil listrik untuk menunjang kegiatan transportasi (ekonomi) akan semakin banyak dikembangkan. Bus listrik yang dikembangkan oleh ITB mempunyai desain jarak tempuh sekitar 100km. Penggunaan lebih dari desain jarak tempuh mengharuskan bus listrik perlu segera di-charge pada charging station. Secara default, charging station akan tersedia di terminal, dengan lama waktu charge sekitar 2 jam. Semakin banyak (infrastruktur) charging station, akan semakin memudahkan sopir (user) bus mendapatkan jarak tempuh tambahan, yang kemudian dapat menunjang pemasaran (pemakaian) bus listrik oleh pasar. Infrastruktur charging station memerlukan biaya, pengaturan, dan pengelolaan dari banyak pihak yang bisa jadi terlepas dari pemilik bus, seperti layaknya SPBU. Semakin banyak charging station, pemilik bus akan merasa semakin aman menjalankan (investasi) bus listrik. Menunggu tersedianya charging station tersedia luas, dan baru kemudian produk bus listrik terserap oleh pasar adalah ibarat telor atau ayam, sehingga perlu ada solusi sementara untuk mendorong pemakaian bus listrik. Range extender adalah power-pack (motor-bakar & generator daya kecil) yang akan dibawa oleh bus listrik untuk men-charge battery saat bus listrik memerlukan jarak tempuh tambahan sampai tersedia charging station standar. Desain range extender akan menghasilkan daya sekitar 30 kW, bahan bakar gas, berat kurang dari 150 kg, dan didesain untuk mudah dipasang / dilepaskan dari lokasi yang tersedia pada bus listrik dimaksud. Diharapkan tambahan range-extender ini penyerapan produk bus listrik oleh pasar akan lebih cepat. Kemudian jika infrastruktur charging station sudah tersedia luas, range extender ini dapat dilepaskan untuk digunakan sebagai generator set biasa.

Keywords: Range Extender

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3 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-7

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN BATERAI (SMB) untuk ITB e-TRIKE dan e-BUS
Team Leader: Ir. Edi Leksono, M.Eng., Ph.D.

Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung


Abstract

Dinamika kinerja dan mode operasi pada sistem baterai akan sangat berpengaruh pada keandalan baterai. Apabila ada perubahan karakteristik ataupun kinerja perlu dideteksi dengan pemantauan kondisi pada sistem manajemen baterai (SMB). Parameter penting untuk memantau kinerja baterai adalah kondisi muatan (KM/SOC) dan kondisi kesehatan (KK/SOH). SMB merupakan elemen terpenting pada sistem baterai baik pada aplikasi kendaraan listrik ataupun sistem pembangkit listrik dengan teknologi smartgrid agar keseluruhan sistem menjadi aman, andal, dan efisien. Maksud dan tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengusulkan pengembangan dalam bidang Sistem Manajemen Baterai (SMB) khususnya yang akan diaplikasikan untuk ITB e-Trike dan e-Bus dengan target luaran berupa produk teknologi SMB. Baterai lithium ITB e-Trike berkapasitas 5 kWh dengan tegangan maksimum 86,4V dan untuk ITB e-Bus dirancang menggunakan pak baterai lithium berkapasitas 40 kWh dengan tegangan maksimum 500V. Untuk baterai lithium dapat berupa silinder ataupun prismatik dimana salah satunya adalah produksi UNS dengan tipe silinder NCA ataupun LFP mulai dengan kapasitas 1400mAh sampai dengan 2500mAh.

Keywords: Battery Management System

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4 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-8

Pengembangan Smartdashboard untuk e-Trike & e-Bus
Team Leader: Ir. Adi Indrayanto, MSc., PhD

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung


Abstract

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) sedang melakukan pengembangan kendaraan bermotor listrik untuk angkutan paket dan penumpang masal. Kendaraan bermotor listrik untuk angkutan paket yang memiliki roda tiga ini dinamakan e-Trike, sedangkan kendaraan listrik untuk transportasi masal berbentuk mini bus berpenumpang sekitar 32 orang dinamakan e-Bus. Salah satu komponen penting dari kendaraan listrik ini adalah panel informasi untuk memberikan umpan balik kondisi kendaraan bagi pengendara, yang disebut information cluster. Tidak berbeda dengan kendaraan bermotor bakar, kendaraan bermotor listrik pun memerlukan adanya information cluster ini. Sebagian besar informasi yang diperlukan serupa dengan pada kendaraan bermotor bakar umumnya, perbedaannya adalah pada indikator terkait dengan rate per minute (rpm) yang digantikan dengan indikator torsi, dan pada sumber energi yang penggeraknya yang digantikan dengan indikator kondisi baterai. Selain kebutuhan information cluster ini, kendaraan listrik yang sedang dikembangkan ITB ini akan diperlengkapi dengan sistem monitoring atau mobile tracking system. Smartdashboard yang akan dikembangkan dapat menjawab dua kebutuhan ini, yaitu sebagai panel information cluster kendaraan dan dapat dilengkapi dengan mobile tracking sistem. Bahkan lebih jauh lagi, smartdashboard yang berbasis platform Android ini dapat menjalankan aplikasi yang bermanfaat lainnya seperti peta (maping system), pencari jalan efisien (route finder), monitor kondisi kendaraan untuk kebutuhan pemeliharaan atau asuransi, dan banyak aplikasi lain yang bisa dikembangkan lebih lanjut tanpa harus mengganti platform fisik dari smartdashboard ini.

Keywords: EV Smart Dashboard

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5 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-9

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGGERAK (DRIVE) MOTOR LISTRIK BLDC 12 kW DAN MOTOR LISTRIK SRM 5 kW
Team Leader: Dr. Hilwadi Hindersah

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung


Abstract

Merujuk pada peta jalan Tim Kendaraan Listrik ITB yang dusulkan pada proposal induk tahun 2019 dan kegiatan riset yang telah dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019 maupun perkembangan komponen utama dari kendaraan yang menuju ke arah integrasi, perlu dilakukan pengembangan terhadap peta jalan, khususnya untuk komponen utama/sub-sistem penggerak (drive)/Inverter dimana pada tahun mendatang (2020-2021), riset tidak saja menuju inverter dengan high fidelity namun dikembangkan dengan mengintegrasikannya dengan Motor Listrik. Beberapa pertimbangan mengapa perlu diintegrasikan dengan Motor Listrik antara lain : Pengurangan/penghilangan beberapa komponen pembentuk sisitem, seperti misalnya Kabel arus besar, konektor,bus bar sehingga diharapkan beban harga menjadi berkurang, dan rugi- rugi dayapun menjadi berkurang- Desain komprehensif antara pasangan inverter dan motor listrik. Mengingat Inverter di desain secara khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan Motor listrik tertentu maka diharapkan hasil desain dapat secara optimal.

Keywords: EV Inverter

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6 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-10

RANCANG BANGUN MOTOR LISTRIK BLDC 120 kW DAN MOTOR LISTRIK SRM 5 kW
Team Leader: Dr. Agus Purwadi

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung - National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology


Abstract

Ketahanan energi serta keterbatasan sumber energi migas nasional menjadi motivasi dalam pengembangan Kendaraan Listrik nasional. Pemerintah sebagai regulator telah memberikan arahan dan pilihan yang tepat bagi masa depan bagi bangsa dan rakyat Indonesia dalam memilih sarana transportasi masa depan yang hemat energi dan bebas polusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mewujudkan penguasaan salah satu teknologi kunci Kendaraan Listrik, secara bertahap dengan memanfaatkan potensi lTB yang telah memiliki rekam jejak dalam mengembangkan motor listrik sejak tahun 2013 bersama dengan PT.Pindad untuk aplikasi system penggerak Kendaraan Listrik. Metodologi penguasaan teknologi yang dipakai adalah dengan meneliti dan mengembangkan dua buah jenis penggerak kendaraan listrik utama, yaitu motor magnet permanen dan motor reluktansi tanpa magnet permanen sebagai sistem penggerak yang efektif dan efisien untuk kendaraan listrik.

Keywords: EV Motor

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dita Novizayanti)


7 Electric Vehicle Technology ABS-11

LOW-COST AIR-COOLING SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION ON BATTERY PACK OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Bentang Arief Budiman [1,2], Robby Dwianto Widyantara [1], Muhammad Adnan Naufal [1], Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro [1,2], Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio [1], Farid Triawan [3], Djati Wibowo Djamari [3], Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto [4], Muhammad Aziz [5]

[1] Institiut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
[2] National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia
[3] Sampoerna University, Indonesia
[4] Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
[5] The University of Tokyo, Japan


Abstract

Keywords: EV Air Cooling System

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dita Novizayanti)


8 Materials and Structure ABS-4

DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF LIGHTWEIGHT LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PROTECTOR WITH 3D AUXETIC META STRUCTURES
Michael Alfred Stephenson Biharta- Ir. Sigit P. Santosa, MSME, Sc.D, IPU- Ir. Djarot Widagdo Ph.D.- Dr. Ir. Leonardo Gunawan

Bandung Institute of Technology
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


Abstract

This research study involves the design and optimization of sandwich structure based on auxetic structure to protect the battery system for electric vehicle (EV) undergoing ground impact load. In this study, a pouch battery system is used due to great potential to be the next Li-Ion battery for EV due to its simplicity, higher energy density, and higher space efficiency compared to cylindrical or prismatic battery cells. However, just like the other form of Li-Ion battery, the pouch battery cells have a high fire risk due to the battery deformation.
The sandwich structure is designed to prevent battery deformation due to ground impact. The core of the sandwich structure is filled with auxetic structure that has gone through optimization to maximize specific energy absorbed (SEA). Its performance is analyzed with non-linear finite element method. Five geometrical variables of the auxetic structures were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and optimized using Taguchis method. The optimum control variables are double-U hierarchal (DUH), the cross-sections thickness equal to 2 mm, the length of the cell equal to 10 mm, the width of the cell equal to 17 mm, and the bendings height equal to 3 mm.
The optimized geometries are then arranged into three different sandwich structure configurations. The optimized sandwich structure has optimized DUH cell as the core that has been enlarged to two times in length (single cells dimension 38x38x24 mm), arranged in 11x11x1 cells resulting in total dimension and mass of 189x189x12 mm and 0.75 Kg. The optimized sandwich structure shows that the pouch battery cells are able to be protected very well from ground impact load with the maximum deformation of 1.92 mm, which is below the deformation threshold for battery failure.

Keywords: Auxetic Structure, Battery Protection, Taguchis Method, Crashworthiness

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Michael Alfred Stephenson Biharta)


9 Materials and Structure ABS-12

Design of Fiber Metal Laminate Structure for Battery Protection
Teresa Nirmala (a), Sigit Puji Santosa (a*,b)

a) Lightweight Structure Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB),
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*sigit.santosa[at]itb.ac.id
b) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT),
Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


Abstract

With the growing size of the electric vehicle (EV) market, the study of the battery system is paramount. Lithium-ion batteries have a high risk of flammability in the event of an accident or a collision that causes a thermal runaway event. One of the highest potential threats to EVs is ground impact from stones or projectile impingement that can hit and penetrate the battery pack. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a lightweight structure that can protect batteries in the event of dynamic impact load. The material used for the protection structure is fiber metal laminate (FML), a hybrid material consisting of thin metal layers bonded together by an intermediate composite. Evaluation of energy absorption of the protection structure and short circuit risk due to battery shortening is done using numerical simulation and experimental methods.

Keywords: Lithium-ion batteries- Ground impact- Fiber metal laminate

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Teresa Nirmala)


10 Sustainable Transportation and Infrastructure ABS-3

Exploring the effectiveness of demand management policy in reducing traffic congestion and environmental pollution: Car-free day and odd-even plate measures for Bandung city in Indonesia
Muhammad Farda [1], Chandra Balijepalli [2]

[1] Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
[2] Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, United Kingdom


Abstract

Traffic congestion has been a major problem in big cities around the world, not to mention several large cities in Indonesia. Bandung is the second largest metropolitan area after Jakarta in Indonesia which suffers from extreme levels of congestion. With a high number of motorcycles and large private car population, congestion in this city is ever growing worsening the environment. While the local authorities struggle to find resources to fund capital intensive capacity expansion projects, this research explores the use of cost effective demand management policy measures to reduce the congestion and pollution. This study aims at assessing two relatively under-researched demand management policy measures that restrict vehicle flows viz., car-free day and odd-even plate schemes to investigate the effect on traffic congestion and the environment. SATURN traffic network modelling software has been used to predict the route choices of vehicles. Bandung city road network and origin destination matrix have been adapted to simulate the two measures during the peak hour. As well as providing the necessary inputs to a pollutant emission estimation model, traffic network modelling output forms the basis for assessing the congestion levels. Results show that both car-free day and odd-even plate measures have unintended consequences that undermine their effectiveness which if addressed could make them highly beneficial solutions. Car-free day scheme reduces the traffic flow levels in the vicinity of scheme but diverts the vehicle flow elsewhere to other routes which may adversely affect the congestion/pollution. Odd-even plate scheme is very effective at the
beginning of its implementation but the performance gradually diminishes as drivers start to adapt by buying a second vehicle or even using fake number plates.

Keywords: Traffic congestion, Demand management policy, Car-free day, Odd-even plate, Pollutant emissions

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Farda)


11 Sustainable Transportation Socio-Economic Impact ABS-1

AGENT-BASED MODELING FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION TRANSITION IN INDONESIA
Dita Novizayanti[1,2], Eko Agus Prasetio[1,2], Manahan Siallagan[1], Sigit Puji Santosa[2,3]

[1] School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia-
[2] National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia-
[3] Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132,
Indonesia.


Abstract

Currently, the adoption of electric vehicles (EV) draws much attention, as the environmental issue of reducing carbon emission is increasing worldwide. However, different countries face different challenges during this transition, particularly developing countries. This research aims to create a framework for the transition to EV in Indonesia through Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). The framework is used as the conceptual design for ABM to investigate the effect of agents^ decision-making processes at the microlevel into the number of adopted EV at the macrolevel. The cluster analysis is equipped to determine the agents^ characteristics based on the categories of the innovation adopters. There are 11 significant variables and four respondents^ clusters: innovators, early majority, late majority, and the uncategorized one. Moreover, Twitter data analytics are utilized to investigate the information engagement coefficient based on the agents^ location. The agents^ characteristics which emerged from this analysis framework will be used as the fundamental for investigating the effect of agents^ specific characteristics and their interaction through ABM for further research

Keywords: electric vehicle adoption, multi-level perspective, socio-technological transition, sustainable innovation, agent-based modeling framework, innovation diffusion theory, cluster analysis

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dita Novizayanti)


12 Sustainable Transportation Socio-Economic Impact ABS-2

The Impacts of Online Motorcycle Taxi - Understanding Travel Behaviour of Young People in Bandung
Adni Bidari Putri [1], Clemence Cavoli [2], Peter Jones [2]

[1] Imperial College London
[2] University College London


Abstract

Online ride-hailing emerged as the new mobility service that offers benefits for the users, such as service flexibility and smartphone accessible. Efficiency gain by the service is assumed to reduce the use of private vehicles, which further hope to ease traffic congestion, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and lead to a sustainable system. This research investigated users^ travel behaviour and examined the impact of the online motorcycle taxi (OMT) emergence in Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) in terms of modal shift and carbon footprints across diverse segments of the population. The analysis will focus on young people behaviour, considering they play a key role in shaping the future of urban mobility. This study applied Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) to identify factors influencing mode preference. The result implied that gender, income, vehicle ownership, trip duration, and trip purpose are statistically significant to travel mode choice, as well as key performance on travel mode. From the environmental perspective, a decline in GHG emission was found from the mode shift when OMT users choose their alternative modes instead. That indicates the users tend to use a higher carbon emitter, such as private cars or taxis, if OMT is not available. Additionally, the majority of respondents intended not to change their current preference of OMT use in the future, including the occasional users who favoured private vehicles more than the service. It appears that the authority needs to implement some mechanisms in order to encourage sustainable behaviour, such as improving public mass transport service. Key performance that needs upgrading can be determined using Used Disgruntlement Index (UDI). This research assessed the UDI method for some transport services, which resulted that in-vehicle travel time of shuttle car, bus, and online taxi is at the priority to improve, along with the cost of online motorcycle taxi and waiting time of shuttle car.

Keywords: Online motorcycle taxi, mode shift, carbon footprint, key performance

Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adni Bidari Putri)


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