Green Synthesis of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Based on Chicken Eggshell And Its Evaluation As Toothpaste Ingredients Yani Desianti1, Anceu Murniati1, Arie Hardian1*, Jasmansyah1, Annisa Ulfariedah1, Nadiar Zahrotul Zulfah1, Siti Asriyatul Fauziah1 , Atia Nurul Sidiq2 , Rachman Ardan2 , Indra Dwi Saputra3.
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi 40531, Indonesia, 2Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi 40531, Indonesia, 3Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional (BRIN).
Abstract
Chicken eggshell waste, which increases every year, has the potential to cause pollution due to microbial activity in the environment. The main content of chicken eggshell is calcium, which is about 94%, so it can be used as a material for synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is a ceramic mineral which is one of the basic ingredients of human bone and the first material to be synthesized because it has biocompatibility properties, excellent bioactivity and does not cause cytotoxic effects so that it directly forms bonds with body tissues. The advantages of using nano hydroxyapatite are increased absorption, reduced dose required, increased stability, increased mineralization ability of cells in vivo and has the potential to revolutionize hard bone and dental tissue implantation techniques. Synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite was carried out using the mechanosynthetic method, namely the dry method with High Energy Ball Mill milling with time variations of 0, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and characterized by XRF, XRD, PSA, and SEM. The characterization results show that the optimal milling time is 180 minutes. The XRD pattern shows the same 3 peaks as the ICSD database No.157481, namely at position 2θ- 25.83˚-- 31.76˚-- and 32.27 . The purity of the nano phase hydroxyapatite 3 hours milling 98.9%. The crystal structure is hexagonal with lattice parameters a=b=9,4212A and c=6,8927A. It has a particle size of 95.3 nm with a crystal size of 18.70 nm. The Polydispersity Index value of -0.302 indicates the particles are well distributed. The nano hydroxyapatite synthesis obtained was applied as a toothpaste ingredient, in terms of the evaluation results, namely organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, foam formation, centrifugation test, Freeze Thaw, antibacterial test. The preparation of chicken egg shell toothpaste was declared stable and in accordance with the standards of physical stability parameters of toothpaste that had been set. Na-hydroxyapatite can
Keywords: Nanohydroxyapatite, chicken eggshell, high energy ball milling, toothpaste.
