Effect of Solvents on The Extraction of Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha) Leaves on Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity of Extracts Shierlly Natasya Dwi Vanny Yulis Prianti, Siti Marfuah, Sutrisno, Daratu Eviana Kusuma Putri
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Abstract
Sembung Rambat (Mikania micrantha) is a creeping weed that is detrimental to the agricultural sector but contains various health benefits, one of which is anti-cancer. One of the causes of cancer in humans is free radicals that cause oxidative stress. Compounds that can prevent this are antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the solvent on the total phytochemical content of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, as well as on the antioxidant activity and toxicity of sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) leaf extract. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the effect of total phenolic content, flavonoids, and tannins on antioxidant activity and toxicity of sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) leaf extract. Extraction was carried out by maceration using water, ethanol (96%), ethanol (96%)-water (1v:2v), ethanol (96%)-water (1v:1v), and ethanol (96%)-water (2v:1v) solvent. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then tested for phytochemical content qualitatively and quantitatively to determine the total content of each compound. Antioxidant activity was tested using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazine (DPPH) method. Toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results showed that the solvent used for sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) leaf extract affected the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity. The extracted phytochemicals also affect the antioxidant activity and toxicity. Extracts with a solvent ratio of ethanol (96%)-water (2v:1v) contained the highest total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins compared to other solvent extracts. The extract from the ethanol-water (2v:1v) solvent has a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 2,528 micrograms/mL, and its toxicity is classified in the toxic category with an LC50 value of 229,572 ppm. Therefore, sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha) leaf extract has potential as an anticancer.
