The Potential of purple Dioscorea alata L. Bulbs as a Retinopathy therapy on the Histological Structure of Retina Layer on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Zebrafish model Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng, Juniman Rey, Purnonomo, Nastiti Wijiayanti, Bambang Retnoaji, Nur Indah Septriani
Biology Faculty, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the most specific vascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The cause of diabetic retinopathy is the presence of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is induced by activation of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The content of Quercetin, one of the flavonoids in uwi Tuber (Dioscorea alata) can inhibit VEGF. This study aimed to determine the histological structure of the eye and the angiogenic activity of uwi tuber (Dioscorea alata) in the retina of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by Streptozotocin. This study used a True Experimental Laboratory through the Randomized Posttest Only Controlled Group Design method with Danio rerio which was divided into 4 groups, namely 1). the negative control group (K-) which was only given a standard commercial fish food diet, 2). TDU is the normal healthy fish that was fed with D. alata, 3). The positive control group (K+) was the diabetic fish that had already been treated with STZ at a dose of 0.003g/ml by immersion method, and was only given a standard commercial fish food diet, 4). The STZDu group is the diabetic fish (treated with STZ) and was fed with D. alata (0.2mg/g BW of Dioscorea alata, 3 times feeds per day). The results showed that there are five layers on the zebrafish retina, GCL, IPL, INL, ONL, and RPE, the histological structure of zebrafish^s retina layer with DM on GCL, IPL, ONL, and RPE is significantly thinner than normal, while the INL is significantly thicker than normal. From a physiological perspective of zebrafish with DM, the thickness and thinness were significantly associated with visual field deviation and optic disc hemorrhage. The survival rate of the D. rerio is decreasing over time because the fish feel stressed, and or death occurs after checking blood sugar. The condition of hyperglycemia in fish decreased after receiving D. alata as a feed treatment, but continuous consumption of D. alata could trigger hypoglycemia in D. rerio.
