In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity Test and Identification of Active Compounds of the Flower Starfruit Fraction (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)
Diana Widiastuti (a*), Siti Warnasih (a), Nurjanah Bella Saputri (a), Wira Eka Putra(b) Supriatno Salam(c), Sustiprijatno (d)

aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pakuan, Bogor 16163, Indonesia
bFaculty Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
cFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda 75123, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
dResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanical Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Juanda Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by metabolic disorders characterized by an increase in blood sugar that exceeds normal. In the category of non-communicable diseases that cause death, diabetes is the third most common disease after cancer and cardiovascular disease. The number of diabetic patients is also expected to continue to increase to reach 578 million people in 2030. Public trust in diabetes prevention can be done by giving antidiabetic agents derived from nature. Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is one of the plants that can be used as traditional medicine and is commonly found in West Java, with the active compounds it contains, starfruit can be efficacious as an antioxidant, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the antidiabetic activity of starfruit and identify the active compounds contained in the starfruit. The methods used in this study include the preparation of test samples, extraction, fractionation, antidiabetic test, and identification of active compounds. At the sample extraction stage using the maceration method. The fractionation step was carried out successively from non-polar solvents to polar solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). The results of the three fractions were continued for in vitro antidiabetic testing through the inhibition of the -glucosidase enzyme. The most active fraction obtained as antidiabetic was then identified as the active compound using LCMS. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the star fruit flower (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) had the strongest antidiabetic activity in vitro through glucosidase-enzyme inhibition with an IC50 of 52.88 g/mL. The results of identification using the LCMS method obtained some of the most dominant compounds including Lithocholic Acid, Asperulosidic Acid, and Umbelliferone.

Keywords: Flower Starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), Antidiabetic, &#945--glucosidase enzyme, LCMS.

Topic: Natural Products and Biological Chemistry