Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Sonchus arvensis L. Leaves Extract Based on Different Cultivation Age
Novia Laelatul Suwartiny (a*), Mohamad Rafi (a,b), Eti Rohaeti (a,b)

(a) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jalan Tanjung-Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
(b) Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) is one of the herbal plants that grow wildly and is included in the Asteraceae family. Differences in composition and concentration of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity can be identified based on cultivation age. Therefore this study aims to determine the metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of S. arvennsis leaves extract based on different planting ages (3, 4, and 5 months) using LCMSMS and FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. The study begins with the extraction of maceration in S. arvennsis leaves using ethanol p.a. We found the yields obtained at planting 3, 4, and 5 months are 13.02%, 8.97%, and 12.27%, respectively. Antioxidant activity is carried out using the DPPH method, and we obtained the percentage of inhibition of the extract (100 ppm) with planting ages of 3, 4, and 5 months 36.79%, 38.25%, and 37.57%, respectively. Based on the wave number value of the ftir spectrum, it can be seen that the functional groups contained in the tempuyung leaves extract samples such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, methyl functional groups, and so on. The results of the analysis using LCMSMS obtained 21 metabolites that have been successfully confirmed. FTIR spectra and LCMSMS chromatograms of S. arvensis extracts showed the same pattern but different in their intensities, which means there are differences in the concentration of metabolites in each extract. Using FTIR spectra absorbance and the peak area of the confirmed metabolites using LCMSMS combined with PCA, we could group S. arvensis based on cultivation ages. The combination of metabolite profiles and multivariate analysis PCA showed that there were differences in the distribution of secondary metabolites at different cultivation ages.

Keywords: chemometrics, FTIR, LC-MS/MS, metabolite, Sonchus arvensis

Topic: Analytical Chemistry