Formulation of Production Medium for Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria Staphylococcus arlettae MPP-1 and Their Emulsification Activity
Mieke Alvionita1,a), Agustono Wibowo2), Rahmad Rizki Fazli3), and Nia Rahayu W1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia
2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka Pahang, Malaysia
3Chemistry Department, FKIP Universitas Syah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

Abstract

Biosurfactants still continue to be an interest for several industry sectors considering their eco-friendly natures. Therefore, the biggest challenge today is how to find out the optimal conditions so that biosurfactant production will increase. This research focuses on the production of biosurfactants using indigenous bacteria, Staphylococcus arlettae MPP-1. Optimization was performed in order to find out the best products which included glucose concentration, pH, NaCl concentration, and nitrogen source type. The best biosurfactant activity was validated based on the results of the oil spreading and emulsification activity tests. Based on the results gained, the highest emulsification and oil spreading activity values were obtained from a medium containing 2% glucose, 0.2% NaNO3, 7% NaCl, and pH 6. The best diameter of the clear zone was about 1.1 cm, while the emulsification index (IE24) showed more than 70% after 96 hours of incubation using a temperature of 37 oC and an aeration speed of 100 rpm. Preliminary structural analysis through FTIR showed some of the following absorption bands include 3,303 cm-1 O-H stretching, the stretching bands of the amide and ester C=O groups at approximately 1,669 and 1,090 cm-1 as well as N-H and C-N-H vibrations at around 1,636 and 559 cm-1, respectively which suggests that the spectrum of biosurfactants was relatively similar to that of the glycolipids biosurfactant group.

Keywords: Optimization, production, biosurfactant, Staphylococcus arlettae

Topic: Science