The Characterization and Stability Performance Test of GAD65 Nanokit for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus in Different Ethnics
Aulanni^am Aulani^am4,5, Hendra Susanto1,2 a), Dyah Kinasih Wuragil4,5), Ahmad Taufiq3, and Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek6,7

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
2Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
3Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
5Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
6Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia
7Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-ISIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor, Malaysia

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a higher cost worldwide. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease associated with beta-cell degeneration. Consequently, it will progress to insulin-dependent conditions for the patients. GAD65 was established as the potential early biomarker for beta-cell dysfunction in the initial step of TIDM development. Therefore, this study focused on developing and producing GAD65 kits to become the diagnostic tools for T1DM. The laboratory production of the reverse-flow immunochromatography kit for GAD65 was done. Furthermore, this kit^s characterization and stability performance has been applied in several ethnics. Importantly, our findings showed that the kit could be stable in long-term utilization for 6-12 months without any decrease in the quality detection against GAD65 protein within the serum samples. Moreover, laboratory testing for several ethnicities improves the kit^s sensitivity for those different samples or races. It is hypothesized that the kit can be further developed for mass production and applied to huge models, particularly for the Indonesian population. Hence, the future exploration of this kit^s potential as a serological biomarker for T1DM could benefit practical and clinical studies.

Keywords: GAD65, biomaker, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus

Topic: Bionanotechnology