Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Glucomannan Hydrolysate from Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Against Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
Mochamad Affandi (a,b), Zamnia Wahyuli (a), Sudarminto Setyo Yuwono (c), Simon Bambang Widjanarko (c,d*)

a) Master Program of Agricultural Product Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
b) Regional Agriculture and Food Security Office of East Java Province, Surabaya, Indonesia.
c) Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
d*) Porang Research Centre, Universitas Brawijaya, Institute of Research and Community Services Building, 6-8 Floor, Malang, Indonesia. Phone. 0341-575824 (Hunting), 584394. Fax. 0341-575828, 575825. http://prc.ub.ac.id. Email: prc[at]ub.ac.id

*Corresponding authors email: simonbw[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract

Reports on porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) glucomannan (PGM) are scarce as anti-inflammatory agents. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the use of sulfuric acid concentration in the hydrolysis process and the anti-inflammatory effects of PGM hydrolysates (PGMH) using the nitric oxide (NO) inhibition approach. PGMH is prepared by hydrolysing PGM with sulfuric acid (0.25N, 0.5N, and 1.0N concentration). This experimental study analysed the production of nitric oxide (NO) formation related to inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were treated with PGM and PGMH (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 micrograms per millilitres). The cytotropic substance was measured by using the Griess reaction assay. The analysis showed that the PGM and PGMH possessed more potent NO inhibitory activity than the positive control. PGMH 1.0N treatment had the highest inhibitory potential of NO production with an IC50 value of 353.1 micrograms per millilitres. Increasing the concentration of a PGMH 1.0N was inversely proportional to the decrease in NO production. PGMH 1.0N 500 micrograms per millilitre treatment significantly suppressed the production of NO. PGM and PGMH as alternative therapies stimulate the immune system in vitro significantly. The present study may serve as a preliminary reference for the optimum selection of sulfuric acid and PGMH concentrations in the other anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory studies.

Keywords: Porang, Amorphophallus muelleri Blume, glucomannan, glucomannan hydrolyzate, RAW 264.7 cells, nitric oxide, anti-inflammatory

Topic: Agricultural product technology